COLLECTION OF

DATA
Unit 2
STUDY THE DATA SET
• Study the handout given by the teacher and try to answer the follow up questions by
analyzing the data.
• While doing this activity, adhere to the norms of collaboration and ensure you divide
the roles among all your crew members.
• There should not be more than six students per crew.
• Only the speaker in the crew will be sharing the results at the end of the activity
• 10 mins of analysis + 15 mins of sharing
 STATISTICAL ENQUIRY
By statistical enquiry, we mean an investigation on a topic by any
agency wherein relevant quantitative information is collected.
 REFER YOUR BOOK AND MAKE NOTE OF THE
FOLLOWING TERMS

Investigator
Enumerators
Respondents
Survey
Variable
SOURCES OF DATA
COLLECTION
Data is a tool, which helps in understanding
problems by providing information
 SOURCES OF DATA
Internal Sources - In an organisation, when the data is collected from its reports and records, it
is known as internal sources of data.
External Sources - External sources refer to the data collected from outside the organisation.
Primary Data - Primary data is the data which is originally collected by an investigator or
agency for the first time for some specific purpose.
Secondary Data - The data which is not directly collected but rather obtained from the
published or unpublished sources, is known as secondary data.
 METHODS OF COLLECTING PRIMARY DATA-JIGSAW
ACTIVITY
Crew 1 - Direct Personal Investigation
Crew 2 - Indirect Oral Investigation
Crew 3 - Information from Correspondents
Crew 4- Mailed Questionnaire
Crew 5- Questionnaire filled by enumerators
 INSTRUCTIONS FOR JIGSAW
● Step 1: Divide the six objectives between six crew members (5 mins)
● Step 2: All crew members to read their assigned topics twice. (10 mins)
● Step 3: Form temporary “expert groups” by having one student from each jigsaw group
join other students assigned to the same segment. (transition to be made within 1 minute)
● Step 4: Discuss the main points from the assigned objective in the expert group and
device a strategy to teach the same in the home group or in front of whole class (10 mins)
CRITERIA TO BE USED FOR THE PRESENTATION
• Meaning
• Suitability of the method
• Merits of using that method
• Demerits of using that method
• Precautions for using that method
 EXIT TICKET
Make a tabular format for the methods of collecting primary data (description, merits and
demerits)
 ENTRY TICKET
Where have you last filled in the questionnaire/customer feedback form for any
product/service?
Did you filled the entire questionnaire and left some questions blank?
The questions which you attempted in questionnaire were objective or subjective?
 CONSTRUCTION OF A QUESTIONNAIRE OR
SCHEDULE
1:Frame Questionnaire on the popularity of Allen Solly womenswear
2:Frame Questionnaire on the popularity of McDonalds’s Restaurant
3:Frame Questionnaire on the popularity of phones.
4:Frame Questionnaire on the popularity of cars or vehicles.
5:Frame Questionnaire on the popularity of Keventers brand.
 THINK , PAIR AND SHARE
Study the design of the sample questionnaires/feedback forms and discuss with your
elbow partner which one did you find most suitable and why?

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1zaLUotpUAu3cTpPT3KKVZvcgGvvsWjyZS0h
QE2d9Yx4/ed66it#slide=id.p1

After observing the samples we will discuss in large group how an ideal questionnaire
should look like
 CONSTRUCTION OF A QUESTIONNAIRE OR
SCHEDULE
A questionnaire or a schedule is a list of questions relating to the problem under investigation.
The framing of the questions and overall drafting of a questionnaire have strong bearing upon
the quality of the questionnaire.
Preparing a questionnaire is a technical job and requires a great deal of skill, expertise and
practice.
PRINCIPLES OF DRAFTING A QUESTIONNAIRE
1) Covering Letter
2) Decision regarding questions
• Simple Alternative Questions
• Multiple Choice Questions
• Specific information questions
• Open Questions
3) Number of questions
4) Simple and short questions
PRINCIPLES OF DRAFTING A QUESTIONNAIRE
5) Avoid questions requiring calculations
6) Avoid questions using double negatives
7) No personal questions
8) Avoid leading questions
9) Questions should be logically arranged
10) Proper division and sub division of questions
11) Instructions to the informants
12) Cross Examination
13) Questionnaire should look attractive
14) Pre-testing the questionnaire
 EXIT TICKET
What are the critical points to be kept in mind while drafting a questionnaire?
 ENTRY TICKET
If you have to collect the data on the following, would you choose the entire population/stock
of item or only few?
(a) Female literacy rate of India
(b) Gender ratio of country
(c) Density of dustless chalks(You have to break to chalk piece to check density)
(d) Quality of 20,000 quintals of rice
 CENSUS METHOD

When a statistical investigation is conducted wherein, the data is collected from each and every
element of the population, it is known as census method.
Upcoming Digital Census of India
Home | Government of India (censusindia.gov.in)
 UPCOMING DIGITAL CENSUS IN INDIA
● 2021 was a Census year and the Narendra Modi government decided not to conduct it due to the Covid
pandemic
● Now, Home Minister Amit Shah has said that the next Census will be an e-survey and carried out by 2024
— it will be India’s first ‘digital Census’.
● The biggest problem that will arise from not conducting the Census in 2021 will be the lack of data. So,
governments are still making policies based on 2011 data. Census provides the most reliable and time-
tested data that can be used by government agencies as well as scholars of public administration,
sociology, political science, demography, economics, anthropology, statistics and other disciplines.
● In the history of Indian Census, for the first time, the Census data will be collected digitally i.e. on Mobile App in
the ensuing census. The Mobile app for Census purpose has been devised to be very simple, convenient and user
friendly to ensure its maximum acceptability by all the Enumerators and Supervisors. With the help of mobile app,
all the data will be instantaneously ready for processing, without any need of extra Logistics for schedules and ICR
processing.
 CENSUS METHOD

Do you feel this method is useful? Does it have any loopholes?

 CENSUS METHOD

Merits:
1) Intensive study of population
2) High degree of accuracy and reliability
3) Suitability of the method
Demerits:
4) Expensive
5) Needs more time and manpower
6) Inapplicability in case of infinite population or if it involves destruction
 SAMPLING METHOD

When only some representative items of a population are selected and data collected from
these items are used for the analysis, the method is known as Sampling Method.
 SAMPLING METHOD

Factors affecting size of sample: Requisites of a good sample:

1. Size of population
1. Representative
2. Degree of Accuracy Desired
2. Adequacy
3. Homogeneity or Heterogeneity of the
3. Homogeneity
population
4. Independence of selected sampling units
4. Nature of the study
5. Matches with objective of investigation
5. Respondent’s Nature
 EXIT TICKET
Differentiate between census and sampling
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
 IDENTIFY PUBLISHED AND UNPUBLISHED
SOURCES OF DATA:
● Govt. Publications: ... The research works conducted by teachers, professors, and
● International Bodies: All foreign govts and international professionals. The records that are maintained by private and
agencies publish regular reports of international business enterprises. Statistics maintained by different
significance. ... departments and agencies of the central and the state
● Semi Govt. ... government, undertakings, corporations, etc
● Reports of Committee and Commissions: ...
● Private Publications: ...
● Newspapers and Magazines. ...
● Research Scholars:
IMPORTANT PUBLISHED SOURCES OF SECONDARY
DATA:
1) Official Publications of Central and State Governments
2) Semi-Government Publications
3) Reports of Committees and Commissions
4) Publications of the Research Institute
5) International Publications
6) Private Publications
7) Publications of Trade Associations
8) Newspapers and Magazines
 UNPUBLISHED SOURCES
When data collected by someone is not published and is taken by other
persons for the purpose of investigation, then such data is known as
“Unpublished Secondary Data”.
For example, reports prepared by private investigation companies.
LIMITATIONS OF SECONDARY DATA
1) No proper procedure is adopted to collect the data.
2) Secondary data may be influenced by the prejudices of the
investigator.
3) Secondary data sometimes lacks standard of accuracy.
4) Secondary data may not cover the full period of investigation.
PRECAUTIONS IN THE USE OF SECONDARY
DATA
1) Reliability of the data(Judged by the experience of the
agency)
2) Suitability for the Purpose(on the basis of purpose)
3) Census and sampling method
4) Adequacy and accuracy
CENSUS OF INDIA
NATIONAL SAMPLE SURVEY
Assignment & Teamie Quiz