LABORATORY

MANAGEMENT AND PC
MAINTENANCE:
unit 4 & 5
 SOFTWARE
INSTALLATION
Installation (or setup) of a computer program
(including device drivers and plugins), is the act
of making the program ready for execution.
Installation refers to the configuration of a
software or hardware with a view to making it
usable with the computer.
 FORMATTING AND
PARTITIONING OF DRIVES

Partitioning this is simply a virtual division of a

drive or disk into two or more volumes and
defining how much space can be allocated to a
particular volume of space within that drive.
Formatting is creating a specific file system that
will be used where storing, accessing for read
and writing, and searching the files.
CREATE AND FORMAT A HARD DISK
PARTITION

To create a partition or volume

(the two terms are often used
If there is no unallocated disk
interchangeably) on a hard disk,
space, you can create some by
you must be logged in as an
shrinking an existing partition,
administrator, and there must be
deleting a partition, or by using a
either unallocated disk space or
third-party partitioning program.
free space within an extended
partition on the hard disk.
 TO PARTITION AND FORMAT, THE
DRIVE (NEW VOLUME)
Open Computer Management by selecting the Start button. The select Control Panel >
System and Security > Administrative Tools, and then double-click Computer Management.

In the left pane, under Storage, select Disk Management.

Right-click an unallocated region on your hard disk, and then select New Simple
Volume.

In the New Simple Volume Wizard, select Next.

Enter the size of the volume you want to create in megabytes (MB) or accept the
maximum default size, and then select Next.
 TO PARTITION AND FORMAT, THE
DRIVE (NEW VOLUME)
Accept the default drive letter or choose a different drive letter to identify the
partition, and then select Next.

In the Format Partition dialog box, do one of the following:

If you don't want to format the volume right now, select Do not format this
volume, and then select Next.

To format the volume with the default settings, select Next.

Review your choices, and then select Finish.

 TO FORMAT AN EXISTING PATITION

Open Computer
Management by
selecting the Start To format the volume
button. The select In the left pane, under Right-click the volume with the default settings,
Control Panel > System Storage, select Disk that you want to format, in the Format dialog
and Security > Management. and then select Format. box, select OK, and then
Administrative Tools, select OK again.
and then double-click
Computer Management.
 Normal format (full)
• Files are removed from the volume that you are formatting.
• The hard disk is scanned for bad sectors.
• Rebuild all its file structures (regenerates the file table on a hard

FULL
disk).
• The scan for bad sectors is the reason why the full format takes twice
as long as the Quick format.
FORMAT • Makes format for addresses, sectors, and fully erases any existing
data on the hard disk.
AND • Fully overwrite the table of files locations.
Quick format
QUICK • Removes files from the partition.
• Does not scan the disk for bad sectors and doesn’t delete the data
FORMAT that’s on there.
• Creates a new file table on a hard disk (doesn’t really rebuild the file
system)
• Does not fully overwrite file table or erase the disk.
• It makes format for addresses only, while the sectors remain contain
the data, and the new data will be written on it.
 OPERATING SYSTEM
INSTALLATION

In simple words, Operating System

is system software that is required to
run applications programmes and
utilities.
 STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE TO INSTALLING AN
OPERATING SYSTEM.
C
re
I
• Create a window installation media.
at
ne
s
• Insert Window Installation Media to Computer.
er
B
ot
• Boot The Computer.
S
ot
el • Select BIOS Features Option.
Se
ct
el • Select the USB Drive
eI
n
ct
st
• Install Now
al
E
ntl • Enter your windows product key and click next.
er
 STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE TO INSTALLING
AN OPERATING SYSTEM.
Se
lec
• Select the edition of window you want to install.
t
Ac
ce
• Accept License Term “I accept the license terms”.
pt
Ch
oo
• Choose: Custom install window only or Upgrade:
se
Se
lec
• Select a Drive or Partition.
t
Se
lec
• Select A Drive with Unallocated Space and Click “Next”.
t
Re
m
ov
• Remove the USB flash drive and restart your computer.
e
 For setting up windows, you required
only a few steps as mentioned below:

Verify your region and keyboard input.

SETTING
UP
WINDOWS Connect to your Wireless network.

Select for Personal Use or

Organizational use and click next.
 SIGN INTO WINDOWS.

Click Click Choose

Click “Accept” to Set Click “Yes” and follow Choose your privacy
up Cortana. instructions to set up settings and click
the Windows timeline. “Accept”
DEVICES AND DRIVERS' INSTALLATION

Driver, a device driver or hardware driver is a

group of files that enable one or more hardware
devices to communicate with the computer's
operating system. Without drivers, the computer
could not send and receive data correctly to
hardware devices like printers.
 WHAT DEVICES NEED DRIVERS?
Today’s operating systems have many generic drivers that allow hardware to
work at a basic level without needing drivers or software. However, if that
device has features unknown to the operating system, it will not work
without drivers. For example, you could plug any keyboard into a computer
and expect it to work. However, if that keyboard has any special keys or
features, they will not work until the drivers are installed.
Hardware devices that are unknown by the operating system or have features
unknown by the operating system all require drivers.
EXAMPLES OF DEVICES THAT NEED
DRIVERS
Motherboard Network
Card reader Controller Modem Printer Scanner
chipset card

Sound card Tape drive USB devices Video card CPU Disc drive Fan

Power
Hard drive Heat sink Joystick Keyboard Mouse Monitor
supply

RAM Speakers Thumb drive UPS

 • Open the Start menu and search for device manager.
• When Device Manager opens, expand the branch for the
device you want to install.
• Right-click the device and select Update driver from the
menu.
MANUALLY • select the Browse my computer for drivers option.
INSTALL • Click the Browse button and navigate to the location of
DEVICE the driver installation files.
DRIVERS • Press Next.
ON • You’ll see a progress bar during the driver installation
process.
WINDOWS • After the driver installs, you’ll get a notification letting
you know the installation was successful—press Close to
complete the process.
• After completing the steps above, your device’s driver is
successfully updated. You may need to restart your PC for
any changes to take effect fully.
 HOW TO UPDATE DRIVERS ON
WINDOWS USING SETTINGS
You can also find
If a hardware update is
hardware updates by
Press the Windows key Click Windows Update available, click the
clicking the Advanced
and select Settings. from the list on the left. Download & install link
options section in the
to install the update.
Windows Update menu.

Scroll down the list on

the right to the
Additional options
section and click on
Optional updates
 Installation typically involves code
(program) being copied/generated from the
installation files to new files on the local
computer for easier access by the operating
system, creating necessary directories,
registering environment variables,
APPLICATION
SOFTWARE providing separate program for un-
INSTALLATION installation etc. Because code is
copied/generated in multiple locations,
uninstallation usually involves more than
just erasing the program folder. For
example, registry files and other system
code may need to be modified or deleted
for a complete uninstallation.
 • Custom installation
• Attended installation.
• Silent installation
• Unattended installation
TYPES • Headless installation
• Scheduled or automated installation
• Clean installation
• Network installation
• Installer
 ANTIVIRUS AND OTHER UTILITY
SOFTWARE INSTALLATION
Antivirus software is a class of program designed to prevent, detect, and
remove malware infections on individual computing devices, networks, and
IT systems.
Antivirus software, originally designed to detect and remove viruses from
computers, can also protect against a wide variety of threats, including other
types of malicious software, Such as keyloggers, browser hijackers, Trojan,
horses, worms, rootkits, spyware, adware, botnets, and ransomware.
 FUNCTIONING OF ANTIVIRUS
SOFTWARE
• Scanning directories or specific files for known malicious patterns
indicating the presence of malicious software.
• Allowing users to schedule scans so they run automatically.
• Allowing users to initiate new scans at any time; and
• Removing any malicious software, it detects. Some antivirus software
programs do this automatically in the background, while others notify
users of infections and ask them if they want to clean the files.
 FEATURES OF AN EFFECTIVE
ANTIVIRUS
• Default-Deny Protection
• Auto Sandbox Technology
• Containment Technology
• Host Intrusion Protection System (HIPS)
 TYPES OF ANTIVIRUSES
• Antivirus for Windows OS
• Antivirus for Linux OS
• Antivirus for Android OS
• Antivirus for MAC OS Types of antivirus programs
INSTALLING ANTIVIRU/APPLICATION/UTILITY
PROGRAM.

• 1. If you bought software on a CD or DVD from a store, you must

first put the CD or DVD into your computer's disc drive. However, in any
case, you can also get the program set up in your USB drive, like Pen
drive. When you install the program, through the install process, a
window will open that helps guide you, and the installation process should
start automatically.
INSTALLING ANTIVIRU/APPLICATION/UTILITY
PROGRAM.

• 2. If you did not buy a CD or DVD and instead downloaded an

application from the Internet, you must now locate the downloaded file on
your computer. If you downloaded the zip file for the program setup, you
are required to unzip the file to access the installation files. Then, find the
file that has a name like install.exe, setup.exe, or a similar name, and
double-click on that file to start the installation process of the program.
When you install the program, through the install process, a window will
open that helps guide you, and the installation process should start
automatically.
INSTALLING ANTIVIRU/APPLICATION/UTILITY
PROGRAM

• 3. Follow the steps for installing the program in the installation

process window. The recommended options are provided by the install
process, which helps the program to work properly. There is one exception
that the install process recommends installing any helpful program for
your computer or any toolbar for the Internet browser. Whenever you are
installing an antivirus program and if prompted to install other software,
in this condition, you need to decline the install of those other programs or
uncheck all boxes. Also, the program does not require any additional
software to install and run successfully on the computer.
INSTALLING ANTIVIRU/APPLICATION/UTILITY
PROGRAM

• 4. Close out the install window when you have completed the
installation process of an antivirus.
• 5. If you installed the software with a CD or DVD, remove it from
the computer's disc drive.