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Lecture 3

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10 views23 pages

Lecture 3

Uploaded by

Muhammad Sohail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Communication &

Networks

Lecture 3
Layering and Protocol Stacks (contd.)

1
Seven layers of the OSI model

2
Network layer
Not a message

 End-to-End packet delivery


 From the original source to a destination
 Needed when 2 devices are attached to
different networks
 What is the network definition here?
 Main duties:
1. Logical addressing
2. Routing
3. Switching
4. Congestion control and QoS
3
Source to destination delivery

Data Link

Network
layer

4
Network layer
- example -

Network layer addresses

Data Link layer addresses

5
Note

The network layer is responsible for the


delivery of individual packets from
the source host to the destination host.

6
Transport layer
 Process-to-Process delivery of the entire message
 From the original source to a destination

 Needed when several processes (running


programs) active at the same time

 Main tasks:
 Port addressing
 Segmentation and reassembly
 Congestion control
 Flow control
 Error control

7
Transport Layer

8
Transport layer -an example of a reliable delivery
-

9
Note

The transport layer is responsible for the delivery


of a message from one process to another.

10
Note

The session layer is responsible for dialog


control and synchronization.

11
Note

The presentation layer is responsible for translation,


compression, and encryption.

12
Application layer
 Enables user to access the network
 Provides services to a user
 E-mail
 Remote file access and transfer (Telnet, FTP)
 Access to WWW (HTTP)

13
Note

The application layer is responsible for


providing services to the user.

14
OSI Reference Model

 A convenient aid for remembering the OSI


layer names is to use the first letter of
each word in the phrase:
 All People Seem To Need Data Processing

15
Summary of layers and protocols

 Low-level protocols define the electrical and physical standards


to be observed, bit- and byte-ordering and the transmission and
error detection and correction of the bit stream

 High-level protocols deal with the data formatting, including the


syntax of messages, the terminal to computer dialogue,
character sets, sequencing of messages

16
TCP/IP Protocol

17
TCP/IP Vs OSI Model

18
Four Level of Addresses

19
Relationship of Layers & Addresses in
TCP/IP

20
Note

The physical addresses will change from hop to hop,


but the logical addresses usually remain the same.

21
Readings

 Chapter 2 (B. A Forouzan)


 Section 2.3, 2.4, 2.5

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