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Differential Equation 2

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16 views21 pages

Differential Equation 2

Uploaded by

بشار الراشدي
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OM 2045 - Applied Mathematics for Engineers

Instructor
Dr Nasir Khan
Assistant Professor
(Well Engineering Department)
International College of Engineering & Management
Muscat, Oman
Differentiation Equation

Integration by
Substitution
Integration
Methods
Integration by
Parts
Integration by Substitution
• In previous section, we saw to integrate a few simple functions. More
complicated function can sometimes be integrated by substitution.

Suppose

Let;
Integration by Substitution
Integration by Substitution
Integration by Substitution
Solve the following.

Answer:
Integration by Parts

OR
Integration by Parts
Evaluate the integral

Taking integration
Integration by Parts

Evaluate

Answer:
Differentiation Equation
• A differential equation is an equation which contains one or more terms and the derivatives
of one variable (i.e., dependent variable) with respect to the other variable (i.e., independent
variable)
dy/dx =
• Here “x” is an independent variable and “y” is a dependent variable
For example, dy/dx = 5x
• A differential equation contains derivatives which are either partial derivatives or ordinary
derivatives. The derivative represents a rate of change, and the differential equation describes
a relationship between the quantity that is continuously varying with respect to the change in
another quantity. There are a lot of differential equations formulas to find the solution of the
derivatives.
• If an equation contains only ordinary derivatives of one or more dependent variables with
respect to a single independent variable it is said to be an ordinary differential equation
(ODE).
Differentiation Equation
Order of Differential Equation
• The order of the differential equation is the order of the highest order derivative
present in the equation. Here some examples for different orders of the
differential equation are given.
dy/dx = 3x + 2 , The order of the equation is 1
(d2y/dx2)+ 2 (dy/dx)+y = 0. The order is 2
(dy/dt)+y = kt. The order is 1
Degree of Differentiation Equation
• The degree of the differential equation is the power of the highest order
derivative, where the original equation is represented in the form of a polynomial
equation in derivatives such as y’, y”, y”’, and so on.

• Suppose (d2y/dx2)+ 2 (dy/dx)+y = 0 is a differential equation, so the degree of this


equation here is 1. See another example here:
3 and Degree 2
Differentiation Equation
Solution of Differentiation
Equation
Introduction
• We begin our study of how to solve differential equations with the simplest of all
differential equations: first-order equations with separable variables.

is said to be separable or to have separable variable. This is done as follow


Separable Differential Equation

Solve ( 1+ 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 =0

( 1+ 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 =0

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑦 =∫ 1+𝑥
ln 𝑦=ln ( 1+ 𝑥 ) +𝑐 1

ln 𝑦 ln ( 1 +𝑥 ) +𝑐 1
𝑒 =𝑒
ln 𝑦 ln (1 +𝑥 ) 𝑐1
𝑒 =𝑒 ∙𝑒
𝑦 =(1+ 𝑥) ∙𝑐
𝑦 =𝑐 (1+ 𝑥)
Laws of Exponents

Rules of Exponents or Laws of Exponents


Multiplication Rule
Division Rule
Power of a power rule
Power of a product
rule
Power of a Fraction
Rule
Zero Exponent
Negative Exponent
Fractional Exponent
Separable Differential Equation
• Solve the initial-value problem
Separable Differential Equation

𝑦 ( 4 )=− 3
Separable Differential Equation
• Solve the initial-value problem
Separable Differential Equation

When x=0, then y=0. Put in equation it gives c=4

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