Experiment 1:
ACIDS, BASES,
AND BUFFERS
To measure pH of a solution using pH paper or
pH meter
To observe how buffer resist pH change
To solve problems on pH, pKa, hydrogen ion
concentration and in the preparation of buffers
A. Measurement of pH
1. Using pH Meter, determine the pH of the following substance.
Indicate whether the following substances are acidic, basic or neutral
substance.
1.1 Milk 1.5 Vinegar
1.2 Beer 1.6 0.1M HCl
1.3 Softdrinks 1.7 1.0% NaCl solution
1.4 Distilled water 1.8 Bleach
A. Measurement of pH
pH measurement of water
A. Measurement of pH
pH measurement of beer
A. Measurement of pH
pH measurement of milk
A. Measurement of pH
pH measurement of bleach
A. Measurement of pH
pH measurement of vinegar
A. Measurement of pH
pH measurement of softdrink
A. Measurement of pH
pH measurement of 0.01 M NaOH solution
A. Measurement of pH
pH measurement of 1M HCl solution
A. Measurement of pH
pH measurement of 0.1% NaCl solution
B. Preparation of Buffers
1. Given the following data on the properties of commercial
concentrated acid and base
Substance Specific Percent
gravity (g/mL) composition
H3PO4 1.2563 35%
CH3COOH 1.1564 45%
NH3 1.21641 36%
For Acids: Where:
Ka = acid dissociation constant
Kb = base dissociation constant
HA = Molarity of Weak Acid
For Bases: A- = Molarity of conj. Base
B = Molarity of Weak Base
HB+ = Molarity of conj. Acid
2. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, determine the amount of
salt and solid acid/base in grams and the volume of the concentrated
acid (if necessary) that has to be used in the preparation of a 500mL of
the following buffer solution.
Buffer No. Desired pH 0.1 M solutions pKa
1 2.40 H3PO4/NaH2PO4 2.1
2 2.58 H3PO4/NaH2PO4 2.1
3 4.40 CH3COOH/NaCH3COO 4,7
4 5.18 CH3COOH/NaCH3COO 4.7
5 6.50 NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4 6.8
6 7.28 NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4 6.8
7 8.58 NH4Cl/NH3 9.3
8 9.60 NH4Cl/NH3 9.3
Test tube Buffer Salt Acid/Base
Number solution
1 Acetate 0.1 M 0.1 M
buffer CH3COOH CH3COOH
2 Phosphate 0.1 M 0.1 Na2HPO4
buffer Na2HPO4
3. In separate test tubes, prepare 2mL of 0.2 M of the following buffer
solutions by mixing volumes of 0.1 M salt and 0.1 M acid/base
B. Preparation of Buffers
Preparation of Acetate Buffer: Mix appropriate amounts of sodium
acetate and acetic acid.
B. Preparation of Buffers
Preparation of Acetate Buffer: Mix appropriate amounts of sodium
acetate and acetic acid.
B. Preparation of Buffers
pH measurement of Acetate buffer
B. Preparation of Buffers
Preparation of Phospate Buffer: Mix appropriate amounts of sodium
hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
B. Preparation of Buffers
Preparation of Phospate Buffer: Mix appropriate amounts of sodium
hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
B. Preparation of Buffers
pH measurement of Phosphate buffer
C. Buffer Action
1. Place 12 labelled small tubes in a rack.
2. Place 10 drops of the following solution to each and determine the pH using pH paper.
3. To each solution in the test tubes add 10 drops of the specified acid or base as indicated in the
table below. Determine the pH of the resulting solution.
Test tube No. Solutions Solutions added
1 Distilled water 0.001 M NaOH
2 Distilled water 0.001 HCl
3 0.1 M HCl 0.001 M HCl
4 0.1 M NaOH 0.001 NaOH
5 0.1 M CH3COOH 0.001 M NaOH
6 0.1 CH3COONa 0.001 M HCl
7 0.2 M Acetate buffer 0.001 M NaOH
8 0.2 M Acetate Buffer 0.001 M HCl
9 0.1 M NaH2PO4 0.001 M NaOH
10 0.1 M Na2HPO4 0.001M HCl
11 0.2 M Phosphate buffer 0.001M NaOH
12 0.2M Phosphate buffer 0.001M HCl
C. Buffer Action
pH measurement of Acetate buffer w/ HCl
C. Buffer Action
pH measurement of Acetate buffer w/ NaOH
C. Buffer Action
pH measurement of Phosphate buffer w/ HCl
C. Buffer Action
pH measurement of Phosphate buffer w/ NaOH
C. Buffer Action
pH measurement of 0.1M HCl w/ 0.001 M HCl
C. Buffer Action
pH measurement of NaH2PO4 w/ HCl
-Initial pH of NaH2PO4
C. Buffer Action
pH measurement of NaH2PO4 w/ HCl
-addition of HCl
C. Buffer Action
pH measurement of NaH2PO4 w/ NaOH
-Initial pH of NaH2PO4
C. Buffer Action
pH measurement of NaH2PO4 w/ NaOH
-addition of NaOH
C. Buffer Action
pH measurement of 0.1M NaOH w/ 0.001M NaOH
THANKS!
