5-Signal Encoding Techniques
5-Signal Encoding Techniques
Digital signal
• Sequence of discrete voltage pulses
• Each pulse is a signal element
0 1 0 0 1 0
Multilevel Binary: Bipolar-AMI
• Binary 0 represented by no line signal
• Binary 1 represented by positive or negative pulse
• Binary 1 pulses alternate in polarity
Multilevel Binary: Pseudoternary
0 1 0 0 1 0
Multilevel Binary: Pseudoternary
0 1 0 0 1 1
Manchester Encoding
There is a transition at the middle of each bit period
Low to high transition represents a 1
High to low transition represents a 0
Differential Manchester Encoding
• The encoding of a 0 is represented by the presence of a transition
at the beginning of a bit period
• A 1 is represented by the absence of a transition at the beginning
of a bit period
0 1 0 0 1 1
Differential Manchester Encoding
The encoding of a 0 is
represented by the presence of
a transition at the beginning of
a bit period
A 1 is represented by the
absence of a transition at the
beginning of a bit period
Digital Data, Analog Signal
• Digital data needs to be carried on an analog signal.
• A carrier signal (frequency fc) performs the function of transporting
the digital data in an analog waveform.
• Uses modem (modulator-demodulator) to convert digital data to
analog signals and vice versa
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
• ASK is implemented by changing the amplitude of a carrier signal
to reflect amplitude levels in the digital signal.
• Encode 0/1 by different carrier amplitudes
Binary Frequency Shift Keying
(BFSK)
• Two binary values are represented by two different frequencies
Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
• The phase of the carrier signal is shifted to represent data
• Binary PSK
• Two phases represent the two binary digits
• Differential PSK
• Phase shifted relative to previous transmission rather than some
reference signal
Analog Data, Digital Signal
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Binary Encoding
Each quantized samples is translated into equivalent binary codes.
Delta Modulation (DM)
• Analog input is approximated by a staircase function
• Move up or down one level () at each sample interval
• Binary behavior
• Function moves up or down at each sample interval
• Moving up: generating 1
• Moving down: generating 0