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Thermo-Chapter 1-Tutorial

This document contains sample questions and answers about thermodynamics. It covers topics like the differences between classical and statistical thermodynamics, applications of conservation of energy and the laws of thermodynamics, properties of open and closed systems, and definitions of common thermodynamic processes.

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internationalrama19
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22 views11 pages

Thermo-Chapter 1-Tutorial

This document contains sample questions and answers about thermodynamics. It covers topics like the differences between classical and statistical thermodynamics, applications of conservation of energy and the laws of thermodynamics, properties of open and closed systems, and definitions of common thermodynamic processes.

Uploaded by

internationalrama19
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER1

THERMODYNAMICS -
TUTORIAL
QUESTIONS

Mulungushi University
1
1. What is the difference between the classical and the statistical
approaches to thermodynamics?
 Ans: Classical thermodynamics is based on experimental observations
whereas statistical thermodynamics is based on the average behavior of
large groups of particles.

2. Why does a bicyclist pick up speed on a downhill road even when he is


not pedaling? Does this violate the conservation of energy principle?
 Ans: On a downhill road the potential energy of the bicyclist is being
converted to kinetic energy, and thus the bicyclist picks up speed.
There is no creation of energy, and thus no violation of the
conservation of energy principle.

3. An office worker claims that a cup of cold coffee on his table warmed
up to 80°C by picking up energy from the surrounding air, which is at
25°C. Is there any truth to his claim? Does this process violate any
thermodynamic laws?
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 Ans: There is no truth to his claim. It violates the second law of
thermodynamics
4. What is the net force acting on a car cruising at a constant
velocity of 70 km/h (a) on a level road and (b) on an uphill road?
 Ans: There is no acceleration, thus the net force is zero in both
cases

5. A large fraction of the thermal energy generated in the engine of a


car is rejected to the air by the radiator through the circulating water.
Should the radiator be analyzed as a closed system or as an open
system? Explain.
 Ans: The radiator should be analyzed as an open system since
mass is crossing the boundaries of the system.

6. A can of soft drink at room temperature is put into the


refrigerator so that it will cool. Would you model the can of soft
drink as a closed system or as an open system? Explain.
 Ans: A can of soft drink should be analyzed as a closed system 3

since no mass is crossing the boundaries of the system.


7. What is the difference between intensive and extensive properties?
 Ans: Intensive properties do not depend on the size (extent) of the system
but extensive properties do

8. For a system to be in thermodynamic equilibrium, do the temperature and


the pressure have to be the same everywhere?
 Ans: For a system to be in thermodynamic equilibrium, the temperature
has to be the same throughout but the pressure does not. However, there
should be no unbalanced pressure forces present. The increasing pressure
with depth in a fluid, for example, should be balanced by increasing
weight.

9. What is a quasi-equilibrium process? What is its importance in


engineering?
 Ans: A process during which a system remains almost in equilibrium at all
times is called a quasiequilibrium process. Many engineering processes
can be approximated as being quasi-equilibrium. The work output of a
device is maximum and the work input to a device is minimum when 4
quasi-equilibrium processes are used instead of nonquasi-equilibrium
processes.
10. Define the isothermal, isobaric, and isochoric processes.
 Ans: A process during which the temperature remains constant is called isothermal; a
process during which the pressure remains constant is called isobaric; and a process
during which the volume remains constant is called isochoric.

11. Is the state of the air in an isolated room completely specified by the temperature and
the pressure? Explain.
 Ans: Yes, because temperature and pressure are two independent properties and the air
in an isolated room is a simple compressible system.

12. What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics?


 Ans: The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that two bodies are in thermal
equilibrium if both have the same temperature reading, even if they are not in contact.

13. Consider two closed systems A and B. System A contains 3000 kJ of thermal energy
at 20°C, whereas system B contains 200 kJ of thermal energy at 50°C. Now the systems
are brought into contact with each other. Determine the direction of any heat transfer
between the two systems.
 Ans: Heat transfer occurs from warmer to cooler objects. Therefore, heat will be
transferred from system B to system A until both systems reach the same temperature. 5
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