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Lecture 4 (IoT)

The document discusses the architecture requirements for IoT including layered architectures and resource management. It describes SOA and API-oriented architectures for IoT and discusses concepts like resource partitioning, computation offloading, identification and discovery, and data analytics in IoT cloud and fog environments.

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Dilawaz Memon
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© © All Rights Reserved
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20 views

Lecture 4 (IoT)

The document discusses the architecture requirements for IoT including layered architectures and resource management. It describes SOA and API-oriented architectures for IoT and discusses concepts like resource partitioning, computation offloading, identification and discovery, and data analytics in IoT cloud and fog environments.

Uploaded by

Dilawaz Memon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IOT ARCHITECTURE

Kupat Tahu Presentation


CHAPTER-2
IOT ARCHITECTURE
Objectives:

• To discuss requirements for reference architecture of IoT


• To discuss layered architecture for IoT
• To describe resource management in IoT

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson the students will be able to understand:

• The requirement for IoT architecture


• IoT architecture
• Resource management in IoT
PREVIOUS LECTURE CONTENTS
• Requirements for a Reference Architecture
• Layered architecture for IoT
LECTURE CONTENTS
• SOA-BASED ARCHITECTURE
• API-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE
• Resource Management
• IoT data management and analytics
SOA-BASED ARCHITECTURE
• Service oriented architecture (SOA) refers to the software architecture design paradigm that allows
software components to behave as separate, autonomous, loosely coupled network-accessible
units.

• These services can be independent, repeatable, and self-contained tasks of a global system
functionality—consider them the building blocks of a large consumer service where each feature is
composed of multiple small services that can be developed, managed, modified and replaced
independently of other components (and services).
SOA-BASED ARCHITECTURE
SOA ensures the interoperability among the heterogeneous devices
• Sensing layer is integrated with available hardware objects to sense the status of things
• Network layer is the infrastructure to support over wireless or wired connections among things
• Service layer is to create and manage services required by users or applications
• Interfaces layer consists of the interaction methods with users or applications (eg GUI, API, Web Interface
etc)
In SOA Based Architecture:
• A complex system is divided into subsystems that are loosely coupled and can be reused later (modular
decomposability feature),
• Easy way to maintain the whole system by taking care of its individual components
• Fault tolerant
• Ensure Reliability
API-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE
• API Architecture is a set of rules and practices that provide a framework for designing,
developing, and delivering web services.
• API architecture defines how an application programming interface (API) interacts with the other
components in its system.
• Traditional approaches like SOAP and RMI have been replaced by more efficient and simpler
solutions such as Web APIs and REST due to their reduced overhead and complexity.
• Resources
• Network bandwidth
• Computational capacity
• Storage capacity
• Request response data conversions
• Lightweight data-exchange formats like JSON
• Better service monitoring and pricing tools than SOA
Resource Management in IoT
• IoT as a big graph with numerous nodes with different resource capacity, selecting and
provisioning the resources greatly impacts Quality of Service (QoS) of the IoT applications.
• Heterogeneous and dynamic nature of resources in IoT.
• Efficient resource management module needs
• Robustness
• Fault-tolerance
• Scalability
• Energy efficiency
• QoS
• SLA
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Resource Partitioning

• Efficiently partition the resources and gain a higher utilization rate.


• Virtualization techniques
• Containers
• Containers provide a lightweight form of virtualization that allows applications to be
packaged with all their dependencies, including libraries and runtime environments, into a
single executable unit.
• provide portable and platform-independent environments
• ideal for distributed applications in IoT
Computation offloading

• Addressing the limitation of available resources in mobile and smart devices.


• Efficient power management, fewer storage requirements, and higher application performance
• IaaS Cloud Providers
• IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the internet.
• Combination of VMs and mobile clouds can create a powerful environment for sharing,
synchronizing, and executing codes in different platforms
For example:
• Amazon Web Services (AWS): compute, storage, databases, networking, machine learning, and more
• Microsoft Azure, virtual machines, storage, databases, networking, and more.
• Google Cloud Platform, scalable object storage for storing and retrieving data. Additionally, Google Cloud offers services like Cloud SQL for
managed databases and Kubernetes Engine for container orchestration
• IBM Cloud, scalable and durable object storage for storing unstructured data. IBM Cloud also provides services like IBM Cloud Databases for managed
database solutions.
• Oracle Cloud Infrastructure OCI Object Storage offers scalable, secure, and durable object storage. Oracle Cloud Infrastructure also provides
services like Oracle Autonomous Database for self-driving, self-securing, and self-repairing databases.
Identification and resource/service discovery

• Identify and locate the actual device


• Discover the target service
• Dynamic nature of IoT
• Heterogeneous resources
• Efficient algorithms must be used to optimize resource sharing

• Semantic Web of Things (SWoT)


• Advanced resource management and service discovery for IoT
• The Semantic Web enables applications to perform tasks such as data integration, automated
reasoning, and intelligent information retrieval.
• It has applications in various domains including search engines, e-commerce, life sciences,
and cultural heritage preservation.
IoT Data management and analytics
• Data acquisition, filtering, transmission, and analysis
• Big data 3Vs (volume, velocity, variety)
• Batch Processing and Stream Processing for data analysis
Three main layers that enable the framework to support easy
extensibility
1. “Batch Layer” and hosts the master dataset and batch views where precomputed
queries are stored.
2. Next is the “Serving Layer,” which adds dynamic query creation and
execution to the batch views by indexing and storing them.
3. Finally, the “Speed Layer” captures and processes recent data for delay-sensitive
queries.
Collecting and analyzing the data

• Utilize pattern detection and data-mining techniques


• Data mining algorithms
• Centralized nature of these algorithms
• Distributed anomaly-detection techniques
• various classifications, clustering, knowledge discovery in databases (KDD), and pattern-mining
techniques.
IoT and Cloud

• used to analyze data generated by IoT objects in batch or stream format.

• on-demand processing and storage capabilities of cloud

• pay-as-you-go model (SaaS)

• distributed Stream Processing Engines (SPEs) can implement important features such as fault-
tolerance and autoscaling for bursty workloads.
Real-time analytics in iot and fog computing

• Data generated from millions of sensors and devices in real time


• Cloud computing as a processing or storage backbone are not scalable
• Emergence of the Edge Computing paradigm
• Edge layer contains the devices that are in closer vicinity to the end user than the application
servers
• Can include smartphones, smart TVs, network routers

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Edge Cloud
• decrease networking delays
• save processing or storage cost
• perform data aggregation
• prevent sensitive data from leaving the local network

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Fog computing
• meets the requirements of applications that demand
• low latency,
• specific QoS requirements
• Service Level Agreement (SLA): A Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a contract between
a service provider and a customer that outlines the level of service expected from the
provider.
• any combination of these

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Difference between Cloud Fog and Edge

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References
• Internet of Things: Principles and Paradigms, Rajkumar Buyya,Amir Vahid Dastjerdi, ISBN: 978-
0-12-805395-9

• A reference architecture for the internet of things by paul fremantle co-founder, wso2 version 0.9.0
(october 20, 2015)

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