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DeGS 2.0 HTML Notes

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DeGS 2.0 HTML Notes

Uploaded by

Rajeev Ranjan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUTION TO HTML

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 INTRODUCTION OF HTML
 OBJECTIVE OF HTML
 WORLD WIDE WEB
 HTML TOOLS
 HTML TERMINOLGY
 HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT
 S A V I N G A N D V I E W I N G A H T M L DOCUMENT
 TEXT TEGS
 SPECIAL CHARTACTER
 ADVANTAGES OF HTML
 DISADVANTAGES OF HTML

HTML CONTENTS
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 HTML is a language for describing web
pages.
 HTML stands
for Hyper Text Markup Language
 HTML is not a programming language, it is
a markup language
 A markup language is a set of markup tags
 HTML uses markup tags to describe web
pages

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 HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to create document on the
World Wide Web. It is simply a collection of certain key words called
‘Tags’ that are helpful in writing the document to be displayed using a
browser on Internet.
It is a platform independent language that can be used on any
platform such as Windows, Linux, Macintosh, and so on. To display a
document in web it is essential to mark-up the different e l eme n t s ( h e a
dings, paragraphs, tables, and so on) of the
document with the HTML tags. To view a mark-up document u s e r h a s
to open the document in a browser. A browser
understands and interpret the HTML tags, identifies the structure of the
document (which part are which) and makes decision about presentation
(how the parts look) of the document.
HTML also provides tags to make the document look attractive
using graphics, font size and colors. User can make a link to the other
document or the different section of the same document by creating
Hypertext Links also known as Hyperlinks
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create, save and view a HTML document
 format a web page using section heading
tags
 describe Ordered and Unordered lists
 explain graphics in HTML document
 describe hypertext links and making
text/image link
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 The World Wide Web (abbreviated
as WWW or W3 and commonly known as the
Web)is a system of interlinked hypertext documents
accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one
can view web pages that may contain text, images,
videos, and other multimedia and navigate between
them via hyperlinks.

WORLD WIDE WEB

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 There are two tools of HTML.
a) HTML Editor: it is the program that one uses to
create and save HTML documents. They fall into
two categories:
- Text based or code based which allows one to see
the HTML code as one is creating a
document.e.g. Notepad.
- Netscape composer

HTML TOOLS

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b) Web Browser: it is the program that one uses to
view and test the HTML documents. They
translate Html encoded files into
text,image,sounds and other features user see.
Microsoft Internet Explorer,Netscape,Mosaic
Chrome are examples of browsers that enables
user to view text and images and many more
other World Wide Web featueres.They are
software that must be installed on user computer.

HTML TOOLS
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 Some commonly used terms in HTML are:
 a)Tag: Tags are always written within angles brackets. it is a
piece of text is used to identify an element so that the browser
realizes how to display its contents.e.g.<HTML> tag indicates the
start of an HTML document .HTML tag can be two types. They
are:-
 -Paired Tags :A tag is said to be a paired tag if text is placed
between a tag and its companions tag.In paired tag ,the first tag
is referred to as opening tag and the second tag is referred to as
closing tag.
 -Unpaired Tags: An unpaired tag does not have a companion tag
.unpaired tag also known as singular or Stand-Alone
tags.e.g:<br>,<hr> etc.

HTML TERMINOLGY
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b) Attribute: Attribute is the property of an tag that specified in
the opening angle brackets. It supplies additional information
like color,size,home font-style etc to the browser about a tag.
E.g. most of the common attributes are height,
color,width,src,border,align etc.
c) DTD: Document Type Definition is a collection of rules written
in standard Generalized Markup Language(SGML).HTML is
define in terms of its DTDS. All the details of HTML tags,
entities and related document structure are defined in the
DTDS.
d) ELEMENT: Element is the component of a document’s
structure such as a title, a paragraph or a list. It can include an
opening and a closing tag and the contents within it.

HTML TERMINOLGY 10
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 The essential tags that are required to create a
HTML document are:
 <HTML>.............</HTML>
 <HEAD>.............</HEAD>
 <BODY>.............</BODY>

HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT

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 The <HTML> tag encloses all other HTML tags and associated
text within your document. It is an optional tag. You can create an
HTML document that omits these tags, and your browser can still
read it and display it. But it is always a good form to include the
start and stop tags.The format is:
 <HTML>

Your Title and Document (contains text with HTML tags) goes here
 </HTML>

Most HTML tags have two parts, an opening tag and closing tag.
The closing tag is the same as the opening tag, except for the
slash
mark e.g. </HTML>. The slash mark is always used in closing tags.

HTML TAG <HTML>


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 <HTML>
 <HEAD>
 .............
 .............
 .............
 </HEAD>
 <BODY>
 .............
 .............
 .............
 </BODY>
 </HTML>

AN HTML DOCUMENT HAS TWO


DISTINCT PARTS HEAD AND BODY
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 HEAD tag comes after the HTML start tag. It contains
TITLE tag to give the document a title that displays on the
browsers title bar at the top. The Format is:
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Your title goes here
</TITLE>
</HEAD>

HEAD TAG <HEAD>


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 The BODY tag contains all the text and graphics of the document with all
the HTML tags that are used for control and formatting of the page.The
Format is:

<BODY>
Your Document goes here
</BODY>

An HTML document, web page can be created using a text editor,


Notepad or WordPad. All the HTML documents should have the
extension .htm or html. It require a web browser like Internet
Explorer or Netscape Navigator/Communicator to view the
document.

BODY TAG <BODY>


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 BGCOLOR: u s e d t o s e t t h e b a c k g r o u n d c o l o r f
o r t h e document Example:
<BODY BGCOLOR="yellow">
Your document text goes here.
</BODY>
 TEXT: used to set the color of the text of the document Example:
<BODY TEXT="red">Introduction to HTML:: 77
Document text changed to red color
ATTRIBUTES USED WITH
</BODY>
<BODY>
Document text changed to red color
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 MARGINS: set the left hand/right hand margin of the document
LEFTMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document Example:
<BODY LEFTMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the left hand side
of the page.
</BODY>
 TOPMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document Example:
<BODY TOPMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the top of the page.
</BODY>

ATTRIBUTES USED WITH


<BODY>
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 BACKGROUND: It is used to point to an
image file (the files with an
extension .gif, .jpeg) that will be used as the
background of the document. The image file
will be tiled across the document. Example:
<BODY BACKGROUND="filename. if">
Your document text goes here
</BODY>

ATTRIBUTES USED WITH


<BODY>
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 Step-1: O p e n t e x t e d i t o r N o t e p a d ( c l i c k o n Star
t→ A l l Programs→ Accessories Notepad)
 Step-2: Enter the following lines of code:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
My first Page
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
WELCOME TO MY FIRST WEB PAGE
</BODY>
</HTML>

FOLLOW THE STEPS TO CREATE


AND VIEW IN BROWSER
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 Step-3: Save the file as myfirstpage.html (go to File-Save
As give File name: myfirstpage.html-choose save as type:
All Files-click save)
 Step-4: Viewing document in web browser (open Internet
Explorer-click on File-Open-Browse-select the file
myfirstpage.html-click open-click ok

SAVING AND VIEWING


A H T M L DOCUMENT
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 Text tag are dividing into two categories as:
-Character-level tags and attributes which applies to
formatting of individual letters or words.
-Paragraph level tags and attributes which apply
=To formatting of sections of text.

TEXT TEGS

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 The character formatting tags are used to specify how a
particular text should be displayed on the screen to
distinguish certain characters within the document.

CHARACTER FORMATTING TAG


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 Boldface <B>: displays text in BOLD
Example: Welcome to the <B> Internet World </B>
Output: Welcome to the Internet World
 Italics <I>: displays text in Italic
Example: Welcome to the <I> Internet World </I>
Output: Welcome to the Internet World
 Subscript <SUB>: displays text in Subscript
 Superscript <SUP>: displays text in Superscript
 Small <SMALL>: displays text in smaller font as compared to normal font

THE MOST
Big <BIG>: COMMON
displays CHARACTER
text in larger font as compared to normal font
 Underline<U>specifies that the enclosed text be underline
FORMATTING TAGS ARE
Example:<U> hello</u>
Output: hello 23
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 By using <FONT> Tag one can specify the colors, size of
the text. Example:
<FONT> Your text goes here </FONT>
Attributes of <FONT> are:
- COLOR: Sets the color of the text that will appear on the
screen. It can be set by giving the value as #rr0000 for red (in
RGB hexadecimal format), or by name. Example: <FONT
COLOR="RED"> Your text goes here </FONT>

FONT COLORS AND SIZE:<FONT>


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 SIZE: Sets the size of the text, takes value between 1 and
7, default is 3. Size can also be set relative to default size
for example; SIZE=+X, where X is any integer value and it
will add with the default size.
 Example:
<FONT SIZE=5> Font Size changes to 5 </FONT>
 FACE: Sets the normal font type, provided it is installed on
the user’s machine.
 Example:
 <FONT FACE="ARIAL"> the text will be displayed in
Arial</FONT>

FONT COLORS AND SIZE:<FONT


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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Character Formatting Text Tags
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1><I> Welcome to the world of Internet</I></H1>
It is a
<FONT COLOR="BLUE" SIZE="4">
<U>Network of Networks</U>
</FONT>
</BODY>
</HTML>

AN HTML DOCUMENT
FORMATTEXT.HTML SHOWS THE USE OF
CHARACTER FORMATTING TAGS.
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Welcome to the world of Internet

It is a Network of Networks

OUTPUT
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 This tag is used text horizontally across the screen.it is
mainly used to deliver a specfic message to the visitor or to
scroll Ads on a page.
 Example: <marquee> hello world></marquee>

MARQUEE TAG
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 Bgcolor : Sets the background color of the marquee.
 Direction :Sets the direction of the marquee box to
either left-to-right, right-to-left, up-to-down and down-to-
up.
 Width: This sets how wide the marquee should be.
 Loop: This sets how many times the marquee should 'Loop'
its text. Each trip counts as one loop.

ATTRIBUTES OF MARQUEE TAG

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 Paragraph level formatting applies to formatting of an
entire portion of text unlike character level tags where only
individual letters or words are formatted.

PARAGRAPH FORMATTING TAG


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 Using paragraph tag: <P>
T h i s t a g < P > i n d i c a t e s a p a r a g r a p h ,u s e d
t o s e p a r a t e two paragraphs with a blank line.
 Example:
<P> Welcome to the world of HTML </P>
<P> First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes here</P>
 Output:
Welcome to the world of HTML
First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes her

THE MOST COMMON PARAGRAPH


FORMATTING TAGS ARE
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 The empty tag <BR> is used, where the text needs to start
from a new line and not continue on the same line. To get
every sentence on a new line, it is necessary to use a line
break.
 Example:
<BODY>National Institute of Open Schooling <BR>
B-31B, Calipash Colony <BR>
New Delhi-110048</BODY>
 Output:
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Calipash Colony
New Delhi-11004

USING LINE BREAK TAG: <BR>


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 <PRE> tag can be used, where it requires total control over s p a c i n
g and line breaks such as typing a poem. Br
o w s e r preserves your space and line break in the text written inside
the tag.
 Example:
<PRE>
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-110048
</PRE>
 Output:
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-11004

USING PREFORMATTED TEXT


TAG: <PRE>
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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Paragraph, Line break and preformatted text Tag
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
HTML Tutorial
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.

AN HTML DOCUMENT
CONTROL.HTML SHOWS THE USE OF
<P>,
<BR> AND <PRE> 34
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</P>
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.<BR>
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple<BR>
and easy to learn.<BR>
</P>
<PRE>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
</PRE>
</BODY>
</HTML>

AN HTML DOCUMENT CONTROL.HTML


SHOWS THE USE OF <P>,
<BR> AND <PRE>
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 HTML Tutorial
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is used for
creating web page. It is very simple and easy to learn.

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.


It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.


It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.

OUTPUT
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 An empty tag <HR> basically used to draw lines and
horizontal rules. It can be used to separate two sections of text.
 Example:
<BODY>
Your horizontal rule goes here. <HR>
The rest of the text goes here.
</BODY>
 Output:
Your horizontal rule goes here.

The rest of the text goes her

USING HORIZONTAL RULE TAG:


<HR>
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 SIZE: Determines the thickness of the horizontal rule. The value is given
as a pixel value.
Example: <HR SIZE="3">
 WIDTH: Specifies an exact width of HR in pixels, or arelative width as
percentage of the document width.
Example: <HR WIDTH="50%">, horizontal rule a width a 50 percent of the
page width.
 ALIGN: Set the alignment of the rule to LEFT, RIGHT and CENTER. It
is applicable if it is not equal to width of the page.
 NOSHADE: If a solid bar is required, this attribute is used; it specifies
that the horizontal rule should not be shaded at all.
 COLOR: Set the color of the Horizontal rule.
Example: <HR COLOR="BLUE“>
Example of <HR> with its attribute:
<HR ALIGN=' 'CENTER' ' WIDTH=' '50%' ' SIZE=' '3" NOSHADE
COLOR="BLUE“>

<HR> ACCEPTS FOLLOWING


ATTRIBUTES
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HTML has six header tags <H1>, <H2>...........<H6> used to
specify section headings. Text with header tags is
displayed in larger and bolder fonts than the normal body
text by a web browser. Every .header leaves a blank line
above and below it when displayed in browse.

HEADING:
<H1>.............<H6>TAGS
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.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Section Heading
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> This is Section Heading 1 </H1>
<H2> This is Section Heading 2 </H2>
<H3> This is Section Heading 3 </H3>
<H4> This is Section Heading 4 </H4>
<H5> This is Section Heading 5 </H5>
<H6> This is Section Heading 6 </H6>
</BODY>
</HTML>

EXAMPLE: AN HTML DOCUMENT,


HEADINGS.HTML SHOWS THE
DIFFERENT SECTION HEADINGS
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This is Section Heading 1
This is Section Heading 2
This is Section Heading 3

This is Section Heading 4


This is Section Heading 5
This is Section Heading 6

VIEWING OUTPUT OF HTML


DOCUMENT
HEADINGS.HTML IN BROWSE
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 There are certain special characters that can be used while
creating document.Following are some special character:
 Symbols Entity
©, ® &copy, &reg
¼, ½, ¾ &frac14, &frac12, &frac34
÷, <, >, ≤,≥ &divide, &lt, &gt, &le, &ge
& &amp
♣♠♥ &spades, &clubs, &hearts
All these special character must be ended with a
semicolon;

SPECIAL CHARTACTER

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<PRE>
The copyright symbol is: &COPY;
The registered rank is: &REG;
</PRE>
 Output:
The copyright symbol is:©
The registered rank is:®

EXAMPLE:
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 Easy to use
 Loose syntax (although, being too flexible will not comply
with standards).
 Supported on almost every browser, if not all browsers.
 Widely used; established on almost every website, if not all
websites.
 Very similar to XML syntax, which is increasingly used for
data storage.
 Free - You need not buy any software.
 Easy to learn & code even for novice programmers.

ADVANTAGES OF HTML

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 It cannot produce dynamic output alone, since it is a static
language
 Sometimes, the structuring of HTML documents is hard to
grasp
 You have to keep up with deprecated tags, and make sure not
to use them
 Deprecated tags appear because another language that works
with HTML has replaced the original work of the tag; thus the
other language needs to be learned (most of the time, it is
CSS)
 Security features offered by HTML are limited

DISADVANTAGES OF HTML

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