Unit III – IoT and Arduino

Programming

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Arduino Introduction
Embedded Systems
Arduino Basics
Arduino Architecture
Arduino board layout. What are the resources available
Arduino IDE
Programming fundamentals
Learn by Doing – Sense, Control & Actuate
Project 1: LED Blinking
Project 2: RGB LED Interfacing & PWM Control
Project 3: Interfacing Sensors (Light, Temperature, etc.,)
Project 4: Interfacing Actuators (Motor Speed Control using PWM)

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Industry / Robot / System

Industry /
System

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 Embedded Systems

"It is a combination of hardware and software to perform a specific task"

“An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function

within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time
computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often
including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems control
many devices in common use today.”

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 Components of Embedded Systems
Communication
Power Supply Processor Memory Timers & Counters
Ports

Application Specific Software

Input & Output
Circuits Components

••Stable
UART
Power
Speed Supply Output
& Smooth ••Load
RS-232
Number of I/O–Pins
Regulation Fluctuation in output voltage when
•••Proper
CAN
Processor
Read-Only
UnitOutput
Price memory(RAM)
Assembler Current to Drive the Load ••load
RS-423
Power Consumption
current changes
••Perfect
SPI
Display
Random
Packaging
Emulator Device
PowerAccess Memory(ROM)
Efficiency •Efficiency
RS-485
Amount of RAM and ROM
••Stable
Buzzer
I2C
Debugger for Alert
Electrically
Performance Erasable
in Different Programmable
Temperature Range Read-Only •Input/Output
SpecializedRipple
UART Processing Units
Voltage
•••Proper
Device
Memory
Compiler
USB Drivers
Peripheral
Noise(EEPROM)
Set
Filtering ••Transient
Architecture
I2C 8-bit, 16-bit, or 32-bit
Response
••Proper
MEMS
Timer
Ethernet devices
on the Chip
Decoupling •Allowable
SPI Dissipation
•Line
Operating Voltage
Regulation changes

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Why Arduino..?

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 Arduino Basics
arduino ( arrr- dween -oh )

(n.) It's an open-source physical computing platform based

on a simple microcontroller board, and a development
environment for writing software for the board.

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 Types of Arduino Boards

Arduino Nano

Arduino Mega
Arduino LilyPad

Arduino Uno
Arduino Mini Arduino Leonardo

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Arduino Uno

Digital pins:
14 digital IO pins
6 are PWM pins (3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11).

Analog pins:
6 analog pins(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5)
Takes analog values as an input

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Arduino IDE
VERIFY SERIAL
MONITOR
UPLOAD
NEW TAB
OPEN CODE GOES
SAVE HERE
BOARD &
SERIAL PORT
SELECTIONS

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Arduino ESP32 – IoT application

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ESP32 is the SoC (System on Chip) microcontroller which
has gained massive popularity recently. Whether the
popularity of ESP32 grew because of the growth of IoT or
whether IoT grew because of the introduction of ESP32 is
debatable

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Basic Coding
structure

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Settings: Tools  Serial Port

Your computer communicates

to the Arduino microcontroller
via a serial port  through a
USB-Serial adapter.

Check to make sure that the

drivers are properly installed.

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 Settings: Tools  Board

Next, double-check that the proper board is selected

under the ToolsBoard menu.
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Installing a Board Package in the Arduino IDE

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To choose desired version

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 Basic Coding structure
setup() function
•Called when a sketch starts.
•To initialize variables, pin modes, start using libraries, etc.
•Will only run once, after each power-up or reset of the
Arduino board.
loop() function
•Loops consecutively.
•Code in the loop() section of the sketch is used to actively
control the Arduino board.
Commenting
•Any line that starts with two slashes (//) will not be read by
the compiler, so you can write anything you want after it.

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 pinMode()
Instruction used to set the mode (INPUT or OUTPUT) in
which we are going to use a pin.
Eg: pinMode (13, OUTPUT);
ie. setting pin13 as output.

 digitalWrite()
•Write a HIGH or a LOW value to a digital pin.
•Eg: digitalWrite (11, HIGH);
•ie. setting pin 11 to high.

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 digitalRead()
•Reads the value from a specified digital pin,
either HIGH or LOW
•Eg: int inPin=7;
val = digitalRead(inPin);
•ie. reads the value from inPin and assigns it to val.

 delay()
•Pauses the program for the amount of time (in milliseconds)
specified as parameter.
•Eg: delay(1000);
•ie. waits for a second (1000 ms = 1 s)

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 Arduino data types and constants.
Constants
• Floating Point Constants
• HIGH / LOW – High 5V/3.3V & Low – 1.5V / 1.0V
• INPUT/ INPUT_PULLUP/OUTPUT - pinmode
• Integer Constants
• LED_BUILTIN – inbuilt LED connected to Arduino board- mostly pin 13
• true | false - True – logic High , False – Logic Low

Floating Point Constants:

Example : float n = 0.005;
Values can be given in below format too
10.0 => 10
2.34E5 => 2.34 * 10^5 => 234000
67e-12 => 67.0 * 10^-12 => 0.000000000067

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Data Types
•Array Conversion
•Bool • (unsigned int)
•Byte • (unsigned long)
•Char • byte()
•Double • char()
•Float • float()
•Int • int()
•Long • long()
•Short • word()
•size_t
•String
•String()
•unsigned char
•unsigned int
•unsigned long
•Void
•word

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Component List
 Arduino Uno
 USB cable
 LED, RGB LED
 LDR
 POT(10k)
 Resistors
 Temp sensor LM-35
 Motor Driver L293D, DC Motor
Connecting wire

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LED Blink

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Digital Read

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Analog Read

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LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)

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LDR - Wiring

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TEMP Sensor-LM35

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DC Motor Drive – L293D
Motor Driver Circuit (L293D)
 The L293 and L293D devices are quadruple high
current half-H drivers.

 Output Current of 600 mA per channel for L293D)

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L293D Functional
Block Diagram

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DC Motor Control
using L293D

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 RGB LED

Vcc
Green

Red Blue

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Program to interface stepper motor with Arduino

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Program to interface Temperature sensor and LCD display with Arduino

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Program to control LED based on LDR sensor value using Arduino

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