Drill (tongue twister)

Whether the weather be fine

Whether the weather be not
Whether the weather be cold
Whether the weather be hot
We will weather the weather
Whether we like it or not
 The Philippines experience an average
of 20 typhoons a year. Being surrounded
by bodies of water makes us prone to
experience some weather disturbances.
The biggest contributor of the weather
disturbances in our country is the Pacific
Ocean which lies on the eastern side of
our country. The vast and warm waters of
the ocean is capable of generating many
weather disturbances.
 Weather
•is the condition of the
atmosphere at a short
period of time
 Factors that Affect the
Weather
•Air temperature
•Air pressure
•Humidity
•Clouds
•Precipitation
•Wind speed and direction
 Weather disturbances
•refer to any disruption of the
atmosphere’s stable condition
•is a term used to describe a
change in atmospheric
conditions or weather patterns.
Weather disturbances are the following:

1.Hanging Habagat or Southwest

Monsoon
2.Low Pressure Area
3.Thunderstorm
4.Tropical cyclone
 Monsoons

Southwest Northeast
Monsoon or Monsoon or
Hanging Hanging
Habagat Amihan
Southwest Southwest Monsoon
Monsoon
5
or Habagat
- is a warm and humid air
that blows the Philippines
from the southwest
direction
- from June to October
- more rains
 Why do we experience rains when
Habagat reaches our country?
Habagat is a warm and
humid air. Once this air cools
down, it will eventually form
clouds. These clouds will then
accumulate more moisture
and then condense, which will
fall as rain later on.
.
 The wind that blows toward
Northeast Monsoon
the Philippines from the
Northeast from November to
February. This wind comes
from Siberia where it is winter
during this months. As the cold
wind from Siberia passes over
the oceans, it gathers
moisture.
This wind causes the coldest
temperature during the year in
the Philippines.
Northeast Monsoon or Hanging Amihan
-cold and dry wind
 The northeast and
southeast trade winds
converge in areas that lie
between 30ºN and 30ºS
of the equator.
Intertropical
Convergence Zone
(ITCZ) – is the belt of low
pressure which circles
the earth generally near
the equator
 Intertropical
Convergence Zone
(ITCZ) – is the area
where the trade
winds converge
together .
 Intertropical
Convergence Zone
(ITCZ) – is the area
where the trade
winds converge
together .
 When cold air sinks, it results to a high
pressure area.

warm air
rises Cold air
sinks

Land heats up more than

sea
 High Pressure Area
(HPA) = fair/ good weather
 When most of the warm air rises , less air
presses downward, resulting in the formation of a
low pressure area.
The formation of low pressure area indicates the
possibility of rain.

warm air
rises
Low Pressure Area
(LPA)= rain
Air Pressure on a Weather Map

•Areas of High
and Low
pressure on
shown on a
weather map
with an H or
an L.
 Around the world, tropical storms are
called by different names. In our country
tropical cyclone is called “typhoon or
bagyo”.
In west Indies, it is called “hurricane”.
In Australia it is called Willywilly and
“cyclone” if it occurs in the Indian Ocean.
Typhoon is a Chinese term = “taifun”
meaning big wind.
 Tropical cyclone
-are the violent
weather disturbances
that bring big whirling
masses of wind and
rain.
 Tropical cyclone
-usually originate from
low pressure area that
forms in the tropics
over the seas and
oceans because of
too much water vapor
 Tropical cyclone
-developed LPA that
brings heavy rains
and strong winds
How does the process of convection
create cyclones?
Convection- is the rising of warm air and
sinking of cold air.
The continuous rising of warm air and
sinking of cold air creates a circulation of the
wind. This circulation of the wind will then
form clouds and create stronger winds. This
series of events will lead to the formation of
cyclone.
 How does convection relate to the
formation of clouds?

When the warm wind rises it

eventually cools down and
condenses. These condensed warm
air will form clouds later on.
Winds in a typhoon move in a certain
direction; they go around a central area
called the eye.
 The appearance of the clouds in a
typhoon are in a spiral arrangement; they are
being blown by winds in a counterclockwise
direction.
Parts of the Typhoon
 Eye
- center of a typhoon with
winds that move towards
the center in
counterclockwise
direction in the northern
hemisphere.
Over this part, the
wind is calm and the
weather is fine.
Eyewall- surrounds the
eye which is an
organized band of
convection that
contains the intense
rainfall, cumulonimbus
clouds, and produces
the strongest winds of
typhoon
 The rainbands are
bands of heavy
clouds which supply
water for the
abundant rain lasting
for many days.
typhoon Ondoy
 A cyclone that develops
from the Pacific Ocean
moves in West to
Northwest direction.
A cyclone that
originates from the West
Philippine Sea moves in an
East to Northeast direction.
 A cyclone intensifies when it is
located over warm tropical waters. It
weakens as it moves in land.
 Classifications of tropical cyclones according
to strength of winds are as follows:

1. Tropical disturbance is an isolated

weather system with an apparent circulation.
2. Tropical depression is a weak low
pressure disturbance with a definite surface
circulation.
- has a maximum wind speed of up to 61
kilometers per hour (kph)
- the weakest tropical cyclone
Tropical depression
3. Tropical storm is a
moderate tropical
cyclone with maximum
wind speed of
62-88 kph.
Severe tropical
storm has a maximum
wind speed of 89 – 117
kph.
4. Typhoon is an intense
tropical cyclone with
maximum wind speed of
118 – 220 kph.
- is the strongest
tropical cyclone
-has a well-
developed eye at its
center, surface pressure
drops to its lowest in the
eye.
 The Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA )
- is the government agency responsible in
monitoring weather condition
-releases warnings in the form of Public
Storm Warning Signals.
Weather forecasters- persons who
gather data and analyze and interpret the
atmospheric conditions
 Weather
forecasters/
Meteorologists
- are the persons
who gather data and
analyze and interpret
the atmospheric
conditions
 How are Typhoons Named?
World Meteorological Organization
- developed a system that give names to the
typhoons.

The names are arranged alphabetically and

are used in revolving order.
Weather Instruments
Anemometer
Tropical cyclones need water vapor in
order to form.
Tropical cyclones require warm ocean
waters to be able to develop. (26.5oC or
greater) Tropical cyclones generally
move in a northwest direction.
When tropical cyclones reach land, they
die out because they are cut off from the
warm ocean waters that keep them
going.
Where did the tropical cyclone form? On
land or in the ocean?
Q2. What can you say about the
temperature of the bodies of water in the
vicinity of the Philippines? Is the water warm
or cold?

In what direction did the tropical cyclones move?

What is a Thunderstorm?
• It is a small-scale weather system in which
lightning and thunder are produced by a
funnel-shaped cumulonimbus cloud.
• It is also known as an electrical storm, a
lightning storm, thundershower or simply
storm.
• It usually produces gusty winds, heavy rains,
and sometimes hail.
• A thunderstorm occurs when the skies darken, the
wind picks up, lightning flashes, thunder roars, and
static is heard on your AM Radio.
• May last for about 30 min. or even a hour.
• Plays an important role in the hydrologic cycle and
general circulation.
• Are also engines of tropical disturbance
that bring a large fraction of
the annual rainfall to tropical
coastal regions.
Examples of Thunderstorms
 How do tropical cyclones develop?

Over a broad water where a cyclone

orms, the water is warmer than the surrounding
rea.Its temperature is higher than 26ºC. The warm
moist air above it rises creating a low pressure
rea.The wind from the surrounding area spirals
ounterclockwise due to the Coriolis effect in the
orthern hemisphere as it flows into the low
ressure area while the wind moves clockwise in
he southern hemisphere.
 How do tropical cyclones develop?

t the eye of a tropical storm, wind speed is low.

ut in the dense clouds surrounding the eye or at
he eyewall, wind speed is great.

A tropical cyclone is a big mass of wind and rain whirling about

a center of low pressure called “eye”. It is classified as tropical
depression, tropical storm and typhoon.
Let’s
 How do tropical cyclones develop?

The rising warm moist air at the center expand

gain the pressure of the overlying atmosphere,
hereby cooling the rising air. Rising moist air cools
nd causes condensation of the moisture in the
ir,releasing large amounts of heat. The warm air
ses in this area called the eye.
 A tropical cyclone is an intense water disturbance with
very low pressure at the center and strong wind circulation
blowing in a counter clockwise direction toward the center
called the “eye”. In the eye of the typhoon, there is almost no
cloud and cloud is calm. It is even possible to see the sun
shining when the eye passes directly over your place.

Tropical Cyclone may originate from warm large bodies of

water.

Typhoons that reach the Philippine originate from the

Pacific and South China Sea.
 A cyclone is a big whirling mass of strong winds and rains
moving are counterclockwise direction in the Northern
Hemisphere. A cyclone may hit an area of strong weather.
All tropical cyclones originate on the western side
of the oceans in the doldrums. After forming in the
doldrums, the cyclones move western ward and away from
the equator.
floods
 A tropical cyclone is an intense water disturbance with
very low pressure at the center and strong wind circulation
blowing in a counter clockwise direction toward the center
called the “eye”. In the eye of the typhoon, there is almost no
cloud and cloud is calm. It is even possible to see the sun
shining when the eye passes directly over your place.

- What is the direction of the movement of these typhoons?

- Based on the chart, what month is the peak occurrence of
tropical cyclones?
- What are the harmful effects of typhoons in the Philippines?

Where do most typhoons originate?

What latitude favors the
formation of typhoons?
Where is a typhoon strongest?
What happen to a typhoon as it
land?
 A typhoon is a strong tropical cyclone with a wind velocity
of 113 kph or more. Warm water causes typhoon to spin in a
counter clockwise direction. A typhoon or hurricane can reach a
diameter of 800 kilometers and a height of 12 km. above sea
level. As seen from a satellite a picture of typhoon looks like a
giant whirling mass of clouds with an eye in the center.
The eye of the typhoon is usually calm and sunny, while the
edges have very strong win and stormy weather.
a. How does a typhoon look like?
b. Where do most typhoon form?
c. What causes the formation of typhoon?
d. How strong is a typhoon?
What can a place visited by the typhoon experienced
 The term typhoon is
used only in the
northwestern part of the
Pacific Ocean.
In the northeastern
part of the Pacific Ocean
and in the northern part
of the Atlantic ocean, the
equivalent term is
hurricane
A tropical cyclone/typhoon is a storm system characterized by
counterclockwise rotating air mass around a central part called
eye that has a low pressure.
Typhoon or Tropical cyclone is an intense weather disturbance
having more or less a circular shape and with an average size of
about five hundred kilometers in diameter. The wind blows
toward the center, called the eye, in a counter clockwise motion.
Tropical cyclones are identified based on the speed of the
circulating winds. If the speed of the wind is 60 km/h or less it is
known as depression. If the speed becomes 60 to 118 it is
known as storm and if the speed is more than 118 it is called a
typhoon.
 Typhoon or Tropical Cyclone is a weather disturbance that begins as a low
pressure center over an ocean with strong circulating winds in
counterclockwise direction.
 a. How does a typhoon look like?
b. Where do most typhoon form?
c. What causes the formation of typhoon?
d. How strong is a typhoon?
• What are
e. the
Whattyphoon
can a placemonths in the
visited by the Philippines
typhoon experienced?
• In a year, how many typhoons are expected in the Philipines
•
•
•
Where do most of the typhoons hitting the Philippines originate?
A. North Pacific Ocean
B. South Pacific Ocean
C. North Atlantic Ocean
D. South Atlantic Ocean
2. The eye of a typhoon is a region of calm. This statement is
A. true B. false C. maybe D. never
3. Which does not contribute to the formation of a typhoon?
A. weak variable winds
B. thick layer of moist air
C. sufficient latitude
D. ocean waves
4. Typhoons that hit the Philippines generally move from what directions?

A. from East to Northwest

B. from North to Southwest
C. from South to Southwest
D. from East to Southwest
5. Typhoon can originate anywhere on earth. This statement is:
A. true B. false C. maybe D. sometimes

ASSIGNMENT:
 2. On what month of the year does the tropical cyclone occur
most?
A. September to November C. August
to October
B. October to December D. January to March
3. What is the most dangerous and violent among the
tropical cyclones?
A. tropical depression C. typhoon
B. tropical storms D. tropical
disturbance
4. Which is the strongest wind of a hurricane?
A. eye B. tropical depression C.
tropical storm D. tropical disturbance
5. What is the weakest among the tropical cyclone?
A. typhoon B. tropical depression C.
tropical storm D. tropical disturbance
 Read each statement below carefully. In your notebook
write a check (√) if the statement describes the weather
systems. Write a cross (x) if does not.

1. The weather disturbance that begins from a low pressure

area is called
tropical cyclone.

2. The ITCZ is a narrow band of clouds coming from

the east to west, caused by the meeting of the north
and south trade winds.

3. The boundary of an advancing cold air mass that

sinks over a warm air mass, and pushes the warm
air upward is called a cold front.

4. A warm front is the boundary formed when a

warm air mass advances over the edge of a mass of
cold air mass.

5. Typhoons or tropical cyclones do not affect the

weather systems of the Philippines.