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Educational Policy Analysis

The document discusses educational policy analysis and the policymaking process. It defines what an educational policy is, outlines the policy cycle, and discusses approaches to policy analysis including formal cost benefit analysis, qualitative cost benefit analysis, and modified cost-benefit analysis.

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36 views18 pages

Educational Policy Analysis

The document discusses educational policy analysis and the policymaking process. It defines what an educational policy is, outlines the policy cycle, and discusses approaches to policy analysis including formal cost benefit analysis, qualitative cost benefit analysis, and modified cost-benefit analysis.

Uploaded by

dhibin babu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Educational Policy Analysis

• A policy is a broad statement that sets out the government’s main goals and priorities. It is
in line with the country’s constitution and can be sector-wide (e.g. education sector policy) or
specific to a sub-sector (e.g. primary education) or to a certain issue (e.g. low enrolment rates).
• A policy defines a particular stance, aiming to explore solutions to an issue. A major policy
statement may be relatively general, for example: “To provide high quality basic education for
all children by 2015.” This sort of broad statement assumes a multitude of other, more specific,
policy objectives covering the education sector or sub-sectors.
• Policy objectives can pertain to a wide range of areas, including curriculum,
teacher/professional development, learning materials, management and assessment.
• Policy-making should be preceded by research, evidence-collection and debates on the identified
issue or need, as well as on the proposed vision, options and means to address such issues or
needs.
• The findings of research, evidence-collection and debates can be used to draft a policy that can
then be reviewed and discussed with relevant stakeholders or their representatives, such as the
parliament, or in policy dialogues with relevant government agencies, international development
partners, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other stakeholders.
What is Educational Policy?
Policies must take into account factors that may limit their feasibility, such as those
listed below:
• Are there sufficient institutional capacity and human resources to implement the
• policy?
• Are the management structures appropriate?
• Are there sufficient financial resources to enable achievement of the policy goal?

In summary, to be effective policies have to be:


• Built on evidence
• Politically feasible
• Financially realistic
• Agreed to by the government and relevant stakeholders.
Education Policy Cycle
EFA (Education for All) & MDG(Millenium
Development Goal)
• Significantly, education is key to achieving all of the
MDGs. The EFA goals can thus be considered
preconditions for achieving the MDGs.

• EGA goals place a strong emphasis on the quality of


education and expand the scope of the education-
related MDGs to a lifelong learning perspective,
while also incorporating aspects of health. Eg. the
EFA Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE)
goal.
International Conventions Related to
Education
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 26 (1948)
• The Convention against Discrimination in Education (1960)
• The International Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination (1965)
• The Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
(1979)
• The Convention of the Rights of the Child (1989)
• The Agreement on the Importation of Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Materials (1976)
• The Convention on Technical and Vocational Education (1979)
• The Regional Convention on the Recognition of Studies, Diplomas and Degrees in
• Higher Education in Asia and the Pacific (1983)
The National Policy Context
• Education policies must, in the first place, take into account and reflect a country’s:
• Geographic & demographic,
• economic,
• social,
• cultural and
• political contexts
Approaches to Policy Analysis

1. Formal Cost Benefit Analysis: this approach should


be used if efficiency is the primary goal. This type of
analysis reduces all the impacts of a proposed policy
modification or alternative policy to monetary cost.
Approaches to Policy Analysis

2. Qualitative Cost Benefit Analysis:

unlike the monetary cost-benefit analysis, the qualitative


cost benefit analysis attempts to assign values to
qualitative factors such as ethics, political acceptability
and the like.
Approaches to Policy Analysis

3. Modified Cost-Benefit Analysis

this approach involves scoring qualitative and monetary goals


separately – the argument being that budgetary efficiency, for
example, cannot be measured against political acceptability because
these monetary and qualitative variables exist on different plains.
Each set of goals is thus weighted against similar quantitative or
qualitative goals. This does not, however, absolve the analyst of
the need to then make a determination as to the relative
importance of the various policy goals.

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