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    2 Hisory

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    harshitpithauria

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    2 Hisory

    Uploaded by

    harshitpithauria
    5 views15 pages

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    2 hisory

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    5 views15 pages

    2 Hisory

    Uploaded by

    harshitpithauria

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    TYPES OF KINSHIP OR KINS

    Kinship system is based on two types of kins:

    Consanguineous
    Affinal Kins
    kins

    These are based on marriage


    Whose relationship is relationships, because husband
    based on blood ties. Also and wife as affinals kins are not
    known as primary kins. related to another through blood
    ties.
    CATEGORIES OF KINS OR CLASSIFICATION

    SECONDARY
    PRIMARY KINS
    KINS TERTIARY KINS

    EIGHT CATRGOGRIES
    Husband-Wife
    Father-Son Three Categories
    Mother-Son
    Father’s Brother
    Father- Daughter
    Mother-Daughter Sister’s Husband
    Far Relatives
    Younger brother- Elder Mother’s Brother
    Brother And
    Younger Sister-elder sister and Brother’s wife
    Brother- sister
    EXPLAIN THE ORIGN OF KINSHIP
    IN ARYAN EMPIRE, ALONG WITH
    THE DUTIES OF THE KING AND
    STATUS OF WOMEN.
    CASTE
    INTRODUCTION: The social structure of Indian society is characterised by a
    unique social institution called caste. The caste system which emerged out of the
    varna system has withstood the onslaughts of time and continues to exist even at
    present.
    MEANING: The word is derived from Spanish word ‘CASTA’ which means
    ‘lineage’ or ‘race.’
    DEFINITIONS:
    According to C.H. Cooley, “When a class is somewhat strictly hereditary, we may
    call it a caste.”
    According to Anderson and Parker, Caste is that extreme form of social class
    organisation in which the position of the individuals is status hierarchy is
    determined by descent and birth.”
    ORIGN OF CASTE MENTIONED IN HISTORY
    CHARACTERSTICS OF CASTE SYSTEM
    Segmental division of society.

    Hierarchical division of society.

    Restriction on fooding and social intercourse.

    Restriction of marriage.
    Lack of unrestricted choice of occupation.

    Membership of the caste is by birth.


    FACTORS OF CHANGE IN CASTE SYSTEM
    CHANGE URBANISATION
    WESTERN EDUCATION AND
    OF
    AND TRANSPORT INDUSTRIALISATION
    POLITICAL
    MODERNISATION AND SYSTEM
    COMMUNICATION

    MIGRATION OF
    UNIFORM RURAL TO URBAN
    INCREASE CIVIL LAW
    DEMOCRATIC SETUP
    IN EDUCATION
    OF SOCIETY (RULES
    & LAW)
    AWARENESS
    REFORMATION
    THROUGH
    INCREASE MOVEMENTS
    SOCIAL CHANGE MASS &
    IN IN MULTI
    POLITCAL
    ECONOMIC MARRIAGE MEDIA
    AWAENESS
    COMPETITION SYSTEM
    AMONG
    WOMEN DISORGANISATION
    OF
    JOINT FAMILY SYSTEM
    CLASS OR SOCIAL CLASS

    The term class first came into wide use in the early 19th century, replacing such terms
    as rank and order as descriptions of the major hierarchical groupings in society. This usage reflected
    changes in the structure of western European societies after the industrial and political revolutions
    of the late 18th century. Feudal distinctions of rank were declining in importance, and the new
    social groups that were developing—the commercial and industrial capitalists and the urban
    working class in the new factories—were defined mainly in economic terms, either by the
    ownership of capital or, conversely, by dependence on wages. Although the term class has been
    applied to social groups in a wide range of societies, including ancient city-states, early empires,
    and caste or feudal societies, it is most usefully confined to the social divisions in modern societies,
    particularly industrialized ones. Social classes must be distinguished from status groups; the former
    are based primarily upon economic interests, while the latter are constituted by evaluations of the
    honour or prestige of an occupation, cultural position, or family descent.

    In simple words: Class or Social Class refers to divisions in society based on economic and social
    status. People in the same social class typically share a similar level of wealth, educational
    achievement, type of job and income.
    DEFINITION:

    According to Maclver and Page, “A social class is any position of a


    community marked off from the rest by social status.”
    According to ogburn and Nimkoff, “A social class is the aggregate of
    persons having essential the social status in a given society.”
    According to L.T. Lapiese, “ A social class is any position of a
    community marked off from the rest by social status.”
    TYPES OF SOCIAL CLASS OR CLASS

    HIGHER Elite(wealthy people)


    CLASS

    Professionals
    managers
    MIDDLE CLASS
    and senior civil
    servants.

    LABOUR
    LOWER CLASS
    SMALL FARMERS
    etc.
    NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL CLASS
    MODE OF
    ACHIEVED FEELING
    A STATUS UNIVERSAL EQUALITY
    STATUS
    GROUP SYSTEM INFEROIRITY
    AND NOT SUPERIORITY
    ASCRIBED
    STATUS
    MODE AN
    ELEMENT
    OF ECONOMIC
    OF
    ELEMENT OF LIVING GROUP
    PRESTIGE
    STABILITY

    OWN
    CLASS CLASS HAS
    CULTURE
    CONSCIOUSNESS TEMPORARY OPENESS
    STYLE
    IN NATURE VALUES
    BASIS OF CLASS FORMATION
    DURATION
    OF NATURE OF
    FAMILY RESIDENCE OCCUPATION
    AND
    KINSHIP
    SYSTEM

    RELIGION

    EDUCATION
    WEALTH
    PROPERTY
    INCOME
    PRESTIGE
    POWER
    SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION

    The process by which different status, role, strata, and group


    develop or persist within a society. The most basic stage in this
    process is the differentiation of sex, roles, which divide the society
    into two fundamental parts. Differentiation and specialization also
    result in different role behaviour for people of different ages,
    occupation, skills, influence, income etc. it is the form of some
    degree of division of labour or functional division of roles, is
    essential to social organisation, However, the basis and nature of
    differentiation change over time, with changes in traditions and
    values.
    DEFINITION

    According to F.E.Lumley, “The process by which individuals


    cultivate differences when put together as the different players in
    an orchestra make a fuller and more harmonious whole.”

    According to Neumeyer, “The process whereby social differences


    of persons and group occur due to biological, heredity when
    physical characteristics age, sex, race, social status, cultural
    background and acquired personality traits and accomplishments
    and differences in group composition and social relationship.”
    FACTORS/ CAUSES OR CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIAL Differentiation

    SEX AGE OCCUPATION

    INCOME CULTURAL
    SOCIAL BACKGRO
    STATUS UND

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