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W13 - Lecture 25 - ER Diagram

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18 views19 pages

W13 - Lecture 25 - ER Diagram

Uploaded by

sp22-bcs-139
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CSC291 - Software Engineering

Concepts

Lecture 25
Entity/Relationship
Modelling
5/18/2023 CSC291 - Software Engineering Concepts 2

Lecture Outline

• Entity/Relationship models
• Entities and Attributes
• Relationships
• E/R Diagrams
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Entity/Relationship Modelling
• ERD is a data modeling technique used in software
engineering to produce a conceptual data model of an
information system.

• Illustrate the logical structure of database.

• It describes how these data are related to each other.

• For example, the entities writer, novel, and consumer may


be described using ER diagrams this way:
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Entity/Relationship Modelling
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Entity/Relationship Modelling

• E/R Modelling is used for • Example


• In a University database we
conceptual design might have entities for
• Entities - objects or items of Students, Modules and
interest Lecturers. Students might
• Attributes - Properties of an have attributes such as their
entity ID, Name and could have
relationships with Modules
• Relationships - links between
Course and Lecturers.
entities
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Entity/Relationship Diagrams
E/R Models are often
Lecturer ID
represented as E/R
diagrams Name Ph#

teaches Student

Course Register
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Entities
• Entities represent objects • Entities have
or things of interest • A general type or class, such
as Lecturer or Module
• Physical things like students,
lecturers, employees.. • Instances of that particular
• More abstract things like type, such as Steve Mills,
modules, orders, courses, Natasha are instances of
projects Lecturer

• Attributes (such as name,


email address)
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Entities

Lecturer ID
• In an E/R Diagram, an
entity is usually drawn as a Name PH#
box with rounded corners
or Rectangle teaches Student

• The box is labelled with


the name of that entity
course Register
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Attributes

• Attributes are properties, or details about an entity

• Students have IDs, names, courses, addresses, …


• Courses have codes, titles, credit weights. .…
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Diagramming Attributes
• In an E/R Diagram
Lecturer ID
attributes may be drawn as
ovals Name Ph#

• Each attribute is linked to Teaches Student


its entity by a line

• The name of the attribute


Course Register
is written in the oval
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Types of Attributes
• Composite attributes
Attributes can also have their own specific attributes. For
example, the attribute “customer address” can have the
attributes “number, street, city, and state”.
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Types of Attributes
• Multivalued Attribute
If an attribute can have more than one value it is called
an multivalued attribute.
For example a teacher entity can have multiple subject
values.
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Types of Attributes
• Derived Attribute
An attribute based on another attribute. This is found
rarely in ER diagrams. For example for a circle the area
can be derived from the radius.
5/18/2023 CSC291 - Software Engineering Concepts 14

Relationships

• Relationships are an
association between two • Relationships have
or more entities • A name
• A set of entities that
• Each Student takes several participate in them
Courses • A degree - the number of
entities that participate (most
• Each Course is taught by a have degree 2)
Lecturer • A cardinality ratio

• Each Employee works for a


single Department
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Cardinality Ratios

• Each entity in a • One to one (1:1)


• Each lecturer has a unique office
relationship can participate
in zero, one, or more than • One to many (1:M)
• A lecturer may teaches many
one instances of that students, but each student has
relationship just one tutor for specific course
• Many to many (M:M)
• Each student takes several
• This leads to 3 types of courses and each course is
relationship… taken by several students
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Diagramming Relationships

Lecturer ID
• Relationships are links
between two entities Name Ph#

• The name is given in a Teaches Student


diamond box

• The ends of the link show


Course Register
cardinality
One Many
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Making E/R Models

• To make an E/R model you • General guidelines


need to identify • Since entities are things or
• Entities objects they are often nouns
• Attributes in the description
• Relationships
• Attributes are properties, and
• Cardinality ratios
often nouns

• from a description • Verbs often describe


relationships between entities
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Example
We want to represent information about products in a
database. Each product has a Product id, description, and
price. Supplier supply the products.
Supplier have address, phone numbers, and name. Each
address is made up of a street address, a city, and a
postcode.
5/18/2023 CSC291 - Software Engineering Concepts 19

Chapter Reading
• Chapter 5, System Modeling,
Software Engineering by Ian Sommerville

Course Material Link:


https://sites.google.com/cuilahore.edu.pk/sec

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