Conditional

Sentences
If
By Group 4
What is Conditional
Sentences
Conditional Sentence is a sentence when
someone wants to express a condition that is
different from reality. This sentence can be
used to express cause and effect, the
possibility of something happening, as well
as stating assumptions about things that are
actually impossible to happen.
Clauses

There are two clauses in conditional if sentences

The first is if clause and main clause. if clause tells you
the condition and the main clause tells you the result.
For example
If it rains, we will stay indoors
“if it rains” is the if clause
And “we will stay indoors” is the main
clause.
If clause characteristics

Introduces the Condition: The "if clause" presents the

condition that must be met for the result to occur.
Usually Begins with "If": The clause typically starts with
the word "if," though other conjunctions like "unless"
can sometimes be used.
Verb Tense: The verb tense in the "if clause" varies
depending on the type of conditional sentence (e.g.,
present simple for type 1 conditionals, past simple for
type 2, past perfect for type 3).
Position in Sentence: The "if clause" can come at the
beginning or in the middle of the sentence. When it
comes at the beginning, it is usually followed by a
comma.
Main clause characteristics

Introduces the Result: The "main clause" presents the

result or consequence that will happen if the condition in
the "if clause" is met.
Verb Form: The verb form in the "main clause" also
varies depending on the type of conditional sentence
(e.g., "will" + base verb for type 1, "would" + base verb
for type 2, "would have" + past participle for type 3).
No Comma Needed if Second: When the "main clause"
follows the "if clause," it is not preceded by a comma.
When to use the
conditional sentences

Conditional sentences can be used when dealing

with situations such as;
1. State events that are not real; just as we
imagine,
2. Express events that may occur in the future,
3. Shows events that are unlikely to occur.
Demonstrates general truth;
common habits,
4.Telling about past events that didn't happen
according to expectations, then regret occurs.
The Function

Conditional sentences are statements discussing known

factors or hypothetical situations and their
consequences. We use them to communicate that
something is true or happens only if something else is
true or happens—that is, only under a certain condition.
Conditional Sentences Type 0
Example

If we heat the water, it boils

Type 0 conditional sentences are sentences to express conditions in the form of actions that are
general truths, a true statement (general truth), or an event that usually occurs.
 Patern of formula for type 0

Patern

If + Subject + Verb 1, Subject + Verb 1 + complement (If + simple present tense, simple present
tense) or Simple present tense + If + Simple present tense.

■ - If it's raining, it's wet. (fact/truth) is not a supposition

1 ■ - If I eat a lot, I gain weight.
■ - The ground gets wet if it rains
Conditional Sentences Type 1
Example

If it rains, I will not come to your house.

Type 1 conditional sentences used to express situations in which the outcome is likely (but not
guaranteed) to happen in the future.
 Patern of formula for type 1

Patern

If + Subject + Verb 1, Subject + Will + bare infinitive (verb 1) + Complement (If + simple present
tense, simple future tense)

■ -- If I study Hard, I will pass the exam.

1 ■ -- I will buy a new car if I pass the exam.
■ -- If you rest, you will feel better.
Conditional Sentences Type 2
Example

If I won the competition, I would buy a new cellphone

Type II refers to conditions that are unlikely to occur (currently or in the future). This type is
suitable for expressing wishful thinking. Situations that are uncertain (uncertainty) are
expressed in the simple past tense. So, the type of second conditional in conditional sentences
expressed with the verb formula 2 in the if-clause accompanied by "would" in the main clause.
 Patern of formula for type 2

Patern

If + Subject + Verb 2, Subject + Would + Bare Infinitive (Verb 1) + Complement (If + Simple
Past, Present Conditional) or Present Conditional + if + Simple Past

■ -- If I had a lot of money, I would buy a new car

1 ■ -- I would play roller coaster every day if I owned a theme park.
■ -- If I inherited a billion dollars, I would travel to the moon.
Conditional Sentences Type 3
Example

If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam.

To express that there should have been a condition that could have happened in the past, or it
could also be to express a situation that could have happened did not happen in the past, but
instead happened. Because it has already happened and cannot be changed in reality, we can
only express assumptions about what would happen if the event went differently from reality.

Therefore, the simple past perfect which uses verb 3 is placed as an “if-clause”, and “would
have” which also known as the past future perfect tense formula, it is used in the main clause as
an expression description.
 Patern of formula for type 3

Patern

If + Subject + Had + Verb 3, Subject + Would Have + Verb 3 + Complement (If + past perfect tense,
Subject + would + have + V3) or
Perfect conditional + if + past perfect

1
-- If you had told me you needed a ride, I would have left earlier.
-- If I had cleaned the house, I could have gone to the movies.
-- If you had told me you needed a ride, I would have left earlier.
Mixed Conditional 2 & 3
Example

If the island were still a tourist attraction, last week’s earthquake would have caused more
deaths.

To describe a hypothetical situation in the present. The main clause refers to the past.
 Pattern of formula for Mixed Conditional 2 &
3
Patern

If + Past tense, S + would/wouldn’t + have + Verb 3

1
-- If they were more dilligent, they would have finished in the top 15 last semester
-- If she were more organized, she would have completed her thesis last year
-- If he were a good leader, he would have prevented the crisis last week.
Mixed Conditional 3 & 2
Example

If I had worked harder at school, I would have a better job now.

To describe a hypothetical situation in the past. The main clause refers to present.
 Pattern of formula for Mixed Conditional 3 &
2
Patern

If + past perfect, present conditional.

If + (s + had + Verb 3), (that thing would happen)

1
-- If I had been to Madagascar, I would meet the king of the jungle
-- If she had walked to the post office, she would avoid the traffic jam
-- If he had watched NGE, he would be cosplaying as shinji
Conclusion
"If clause" which is also called as
"conditional sentence" is a grammatical
structure used in conditional sentences to
express a condition and its possible outcome.
It typically starts with the word "if".
Understanding conditional sentences helps us
convey various possibilities, speculations,
and conditions clearly and precisely in
everyday communication.
THANK YOU