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    Int Tourism CH 11 Social and Cultural Aspects of Tourism

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    chary83
    This chapter discusses the social and cultural impacts of tourism. It notes that while tourism provides economic benefits, it can also negatively impact local communities and cultures. The key to sustainable tourism is finding a balance that benefits both hosts and guests. The chapter then examines some of the major socio-cultural impacts tourism can have, both positive like increased social opportunities, and negative like disruption of traditional activities. It also discusses factors that influence perceptions of tourism, and strategies to better manage these socio-cultural impacts, such as community involvement in planning and developing cultural understanding.

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    Int Tourism CH 11 Social and Cultural Aspects of Tourism

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    chary83
    202 views16 pages
    This chapter discusses the social and cultural impacts of tourism. It notes that while tourism provides economic benefits, it can also negatively impact local communities and cultures. The key to sustainable tourism is finding a balance that benefits both hosts and guests. The chapter then examines some of the major socio-cultural impacts tourism can have, both positive like increased social opportunities, and negative like disruption of traditional activities. It also discusses factors that influence perceptions of tourism, and strategies to better manage these socio-cultural impacts, such as community involvement in planning and developing cultural understanding.

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    Int Tourism Ch 11 Social and Cultural Aspects of Tourism

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    This chapter discusses the social and cultural impacts of tourism. It notes that while tourism provides economic benefits, it can also negatively impact local communities and cultures. The key to sustainable tourism is finding a balance that benefits both hosts and guests. The chapter then examines some of the major socio-cultural impacts tourism can have, both positive like increased social opportunities, and negative like disruption of traditional activities. It also discusses factors that influence perceptions of tourism, and strategies to better manage these socio-cultural impacts, such as community involvement in planning and developing cultural understanding.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    202 views16 pages

    Int Tourism CH 11 Social and Cultural Aspects of Tourism

    Uploaded by

    chary83
    This chapter discusses the social and cultural impacts of tourism. It notes that while tourism provides economic benefits, it can also negatively impact local communities and cultures. The key to sustainable tourism is finding a balance that benefits both hosts and guests. The chapter then examines some of the major socio-cultural impacts tourism can have, both positive like increased social opportunities, and negative like disruption of traditional activities. It also discusses factors that influence perceptions of tourism, and strategies to better manage these socio-cultural impacts, such as community involvement in planning and developing cultural understanding.

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    of 16

    Chapter 11 Social and Cultural Aspects of Tourism

    Criticism of Tourism
    Tourism has attracted as both praise and criticism:
    Praise for its potential or real economic contributions Criticism for its adverse affect on places and host residents. The challenge for tourism managers, planners and researchers is to find ways to develop tourism as an industry providing travel experiences which are rewarding and sustainable for both hosts and guests.

    Sustainable Tourism
    According to the WTO, sustainable tourism development meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing the opportunity for the future. Sustainable tourism emphasize three important features:
    Quality: A quality experience for visitors, quality of life for the host community, protecting the quality of the environment.
    Continuity: continuity of natural resources, continuity of the culture of the host community Balance: balances the needs of the tourism industry, supporters of the environment, and the local community.

    The Socio-cultural Impacts of Tourism Defining Society and Impacts


    Society refers to the patterns of social organization of and within communities. Social impacts of tourism refers to changes in the lives of people living in destination communities. Cultural impacts of tourism refers to changes in the arts, artifacts, customs, rituals, and architecture of a people.

    The term socio-cultural impacts refers to changes to residents everyday experiences, as well as to their values, way of life, and intellectual and artistic products.

    The Socio-cultural Impacts of Tourism


    Major socio-cultural impacts
    Factor associated with Tourism
    The use of culture as a tourist attraction Direct contact between residents and tourists

    Positive Impacts
    Increased support for traditional cultures and displays of ethnic identity. Breakdown of negative stereotypes. Increased social opportunities.

    Negative Impacts
    Changes to traditional activities and arts to suit production for tourists. Disruption and crowding of traditional activities. Enhancement of negative stereotypes. Increased commercialism. Introduction of diseases. Demonstration effects Community conflict and tension Increased social inequity Loss of language Loss of access to places and recreational activities. Crowding and congestion increased crime

    Changes in jobs and economic structure resulting in changes in social roles


    Development of tourist facilities Increase population from tourists and associated development.

    New economic and social opportunities which decrease social inequity.


    Increased recreational opportunities Support for medical, educational and other facilities which enhance quality of life.

    The Socio-cultural Impacts of Tourism


    Cultural Change
    Changes in cultural products and festivals: The production of cultural arts and activities for tourists has often resulted in changes in cultural products, cultural festivals, ceremonies, and dances to make them more palatable to visitors.
    Negative stereotypes: Intl tourists and residents often have very different cultural backgrounds and it develops negative stereotypes of tourists from their direct encounters. Community Conflict: Demonstration effect - different approaches exposed to tourists by the younger and older residents of a community.

    The Socio-cultural Impacts of Tourism


    Other Impacts
    Competition for tourist business Increased economic inequity Renewed interest in and opportunities for revival in the use of local languages The adoption by local residents of other languages The development of facilities for tourists Increased income and an improved quality of life for host communities. Increases in population leading to problems with crowding, congestion, and crime.

    The Socio-cultural Impacts of Tourism


    Factors Related to Individual Perceptions of Tourism
    Residents who are likely to benefit from tourism are more likely to support tourism. People with greater of involvement in and knowledge of tourism tend to support the industry. Communities which have had little contact with outsiders have greater difficulty dealing with tourism than those with a longer history of dealing with other cultures.

    Media portrayals of tourism can influence host perceptions by providing information which is used in the social construction of reality and which influence public opinion.

    Strategies to Manage Sociocultural Impacts of Tourism


    Obstacles to Socio-cultural Understanding to the totality of reactions to new Cultural shock refers
    people and settings which result in ineffective behaviors. Cultural shock may be experienced by either visitors or their hosts.

    Cultural arrogance is defined as the continued practice of following ones own cultural rules while disregarding the feelings and perspectives of the host community.
    Tourist behaviors that breaking known morale, religious or social codes are example of continuing arrogance on the part of the visitors.

    Strategies to Manage Sociocultural Impacts of Tourism


    Strategies to Manage Socio-cultural Impacts
    Pre-travel information On-site interpretation Societal marketing practices

    Facility design A range of culture contact opportunities Evaluation skills Explanation of tourism issues Community involvement in tourism planning Developing conflict resolution skills

    The Relationship Between Culture and Tourism


    Culture Shaping Outbound Tourism
    South Korean Example Tourist activities and their values
    South vs. North Europeans

    Cultural differences generate a strong preference for Chinese, French, Japanese and Italian tourists.
    Golf is a high status sport by Koreans and Japanese but not for Australians.

    Tour guides perceive various nationalities as having different behaviors.


    Japanese travelers were thought to travel in groups while the French tourists were thought to be more individually oriented in their vacation behavior.

    The Relationship Between Culture and Tourism


    Culture Shaping inbound Tourism
    Popular culture
    Cultural icons:
    England: British Museum, Tower of London France: Pompidou Centre U.S.: Disney World

    Most popular categories of cultural tourism attractions


    Museums (59 percent) Historic monuments ( 37 percent) Heritage centers ( 37 percent) Art galleries ( 24 percent) Performing arts ( 22 percent)

    The Relationship Between Culture and Tourism


    Culture Shaping inbound Tourism
    Urban Tourism Urban tourism focuses on the mix of attractions which motivate travel to major population centers.

    New York City can be seen as an example of urban tourism.


    Ethnic Tourism refers to tourism focused on a groups traditions and lifestyle.
    Viewing local festivals, attending special ceremonies, watching local activities.

    Interpretation for Sustainable Tourism


    Interpretation for Sustainable Tourism
    Interpretation can be seen as any activity which seeks to give tourists information about the place they are visiting.
    Interpretation improves the quality of the experience for the visitors.
    Educating tourists about the nature of the host region and culture and informing them of the consequences of their behavior.
    Enhancing the quality of visitor experiences by adding value to tourism products

    Developing tourist support for both cultural and environmental conservation.


    Relieving pressure on sites by controlling access, by distributing visitors more evenly throughout an area

    Interpretation for Sustainable Tourism


    Principles for Enhancing the Effectiveness of Interpretation
    Interpretation must be effective
    Interpreters must make a personal link with the visitor

    Interpreters should present a whole rather than a part


    Interpreters must provide variety in interpretative experiences

    End of Chapter 11

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