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Wireless PPT On CDMA

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86 views16 pages

Wireless PPT On CDMA

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BESFAT
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© © All Rights Reserved
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BAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULITY OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING


DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
STREAM: COMMUNICATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING
Wireless Communication Assignment on CDMA
WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION

By : Id
1.Besfat Mulu 1201151
2.Daniel Shumet 1201373
3.Desalegn Amanu 1201444
4.GerbachewYiradu 1201809

Instructor: Mr. Fanuel


Bahir Dar Ethiopia
April 2024
Outlines
 Introduction
 CDMA Overview
 Working principle of CDMA
 CDMA Capacity
 Advantages and Disadvantages of CDMA
 Key differences between CDMA and
others
 Application area
Introduction
 CDMA (Code-Division Multiple Access) refers to any of
several protocols used in second-generation (2G) and third-
generation (3G) wireless communications.
 It is a multiplexing technique used in wireless communication
to transmit data, voice, and multimedia over cellular networks.
 As the term implies, CDMA is a form of multiplexing, which
allows numerous signals to occupy a single transmission
channel, optimizing the use of available bandwidth.
 The technology is used in ultra-high-frequency (UHF) cellular
phone systems in the 800 megahertz (MHz) and 1.9 gigahertz
(GHz) bands.
 CDMA uses a “spread-spectrum” technique, where data and
voice packets are separated using codes and transmitted over a
wide frequency range.
CDMA Overview
 Code Division Multiple Access system is very different
from time and frequency multiplexing.
 In this system, a user has access to the whole bandwidth
for the entire duration.
 The basic principle is that different CDMA codes are
used to distinguish among the different users.
 Here, a signal is generated which extends over a wide
bandwidth.
 A code called spreading code is used to perform this
action.
Working principle
The working principle of CDMA involves the following key
concepts:
 Spread Spectrum-spread the signal over a wider bandwidth
than the original signal
 multiple users to transmit and receive data
simultaneously on the same frequency
 Unque Codes-to modulate their signals
 They are orthogonal to each other —-minimum
interference
 Power Control-adjust transmit power depending on their
distance
Continued…
Continued…
Continued…
CDMA Capacity
 CDMA systems have a higher capacity compared to other
cellular technologies
 same frequency
 efficient use of spectrum and its ability to support a
large number of users
 The capacity of a CDMA system is influenced by several
factors, including the
 available bandwidth,
 the spreading factor used for the codes,
 the quality of the radio link, and
 the interference
Advantages of CDMA
CDMA has a soft capacity. The greater the number of
codes, the more the number of users. It has the
following advantages:
 Simultaneous transmission by all the users are
possible.
 Channel data rates are very high in CDMA system.
Because all the users are not restricted on time and
frequency
 It matches well with other cellular technologies.
 CDMA has low power requirements.
 CDMA provides a high quality of voice with
almost no noise during the calls.
Disadvantages of CDMA
The disadvantages of using CDMA are as follows −
The code length must be carefully selected.
 A large code length can induce delay or may cause
interference.
 Self jamming is problem in CDMA. Which arises when
the pn sequence are not orthogonal.
 As the number of users increase , the over all quality of
the services decreases.
 There is lack of international roaming capabilities
compared to GSM.
Key differences between FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA
Parameters FDMA TDMA CDMA

Mode of Operation It distributes a single It only shares the time It shares both time and
bandwidth among of transmission bandwidth among
multiple stations by through the satellite, multiple stations by
dividing it into sub- not the channel. allocating a unique
channels code to each slot.
Guard times and It needed guard bands. It needed guard times. It needed both guard
Bands times and guard bands.

Cells Capacity It has a limited cell It also has a limited It has no capacity
capacity. cell capacity. restriction for a
channel, although it is
interference-limited.
Codeword It doesn't require a It also doesn't require a It needs a codeword.
codeword. codeword.

Rate of Data It has a low data rate. It has a medium data It has a high data rate.
rate.
Continued…
Separation of Signals It occurs by the It occurs by It occurs via codes
process of filtration synchronizing the along with some
in the frequency time domain. special receivers.
domain.
Flexibility FDMA is a little Flexibility is moderate CDMA is highly
flexible. in TDMA. flexible in nature.

Mode of data It uses continuous It uses signals in It uses digital


transfer signals for data bursts for data signals for data
transmission. transmission. transmission.
Application area
• Some common applications of CDMA include:
 Mobile Communication:
 Satellite Communication:
 Wireless Local Area Networks
(WLANs):
 RFID Systems:
 Military Communications:
 Internet of Things (IoT):
 Public Safety Communication:
Thank you

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