Introduction To Textiles
Introduction To Textiles
Introduction To Textiles
TEXTILES
◦ What is Textile :
◦ The word ‘textile’ is from Latin, from the
adjective textilis, meaning ‘woven’
◦ A textile (often called cloth or fabric) is a
flexible artificial material made up of a
network of natural or artificial fibers
(thread or yarn) formed by weaving or
knitting (textiles), or pressed into felt.
◦ Textiles include all kinds of clothing and
shoes – in fact anything that you can
wear!
◦ Fiber is raw material to produce various type of
textile finished products.
◦ Fiber can be spun into yarn or processed into
textile such as woven fabric, knit fabric, lace,
felt, non-woven etc. by means of interlacing
and interlooping.
◦ Fiber should have at least 5 mm length then
only it will be spin able.
◦ It must be flexible or strong.
• A textile is a flexible material made by creating an interlocking network of yarns or threads, which are produced by spinning
raw fibres into long and twisted lengths.
• Textiles are made of fibers.
• A fiber is generally hundreds of times longer than it is wide, giving it a hair-like appearance.
• Textile fibers can be created from many natural sources, as well as man-made materials (for example, polyester and rayon).
◦
The related words "fabric" and "cloth" and "material" are often used in textile
◦Building Materials:
◦
Textiles are used in our homes to insulate them from heat and cold. The furniture, on which we sit and sleep, is
composed of various types of textile products. . Textiles are used in roofing materials, wire coverings, wall
coverings, blinds, airducts and window screens.
◦ Uses of Textile:
◦ Textile is a major component of material culture. It may be viewed as the products of technology, as cultural symbols, as
works of art, or as items of trade. The textile arts are a fundamental human activity, expressing symbolically much of what
is valuable in any culture.
◦ Textiles have been used in almost every possible context where their properties are useful. Some of the articles made from
textiles are:
• Bags and other means of carrying objects
• Balloons, kites, sails, parachutes. Earlier aero planes used cloth as part of the construction
• Clothing
• Flags
• Furnishings and other home accessories
• Geotextiles
• Industrial and scientific uses like filtration
• Nets, Rugs and carpets
• Tents
TYPES OF TEXTILES
◦ Textiles are various materials made from fibers and yarns. The term "textile" was originally only used to refer to
woven fabrics, but today it covers a broad range of subjects. Textiles are classified at various levels, such as
according to fiber origin (natural or synthetic), structure (woven, knitted, nonwoven), finish, etcHowever, there
are primarily two types of textiles:
◦ Consumer textile
◦ Textiles have an assortment of uses, the most common of which are for clothing and for containers such as
bags and baskets. In the household, textiles are used in carpeting, upholstered furnishings, window shades,
towels, coverings for tables, beds, and other flat surfaces, and in art. Textiles are used in many traditional
hand crafts such as sewing, quilting, and embroidery.
◦ Technical textiles
◦ Textiles produced for industrial purposes, and designed and chosen for technical characteristics beyond their
appearance, are commonly referred to as technical textiles. Technical textiles include textile structures for
automotive applications, medical textiles (such as implants), geotextile (reinforcement of embankments),
agrotextiles (textiles for crop protection), protective clothing (such as clothing resistant to heat and radiation for
fire fighter clothing, against molten metals for welders, stab protection, and bullet proof vests).
TERMINOLOGY
◦ Textile
◦ A textile is a flexible material made up of a network of natural or synthetic fibers. Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibers from wool, flax,
cotton, flax, or other materials to produce long strands. Textiles are made by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, tatting, felting, or
braiding.
◦ Fiber
◦ Fiber is a natural or man-made material that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used to make other materials
◦ Natural Fiber
◦ The fiber that is produced by nature like plants, animals, and geological processes is called natural fiber. Examples- Cotton, Wool, Silk, etc.
◦ Synthetic fiber
◦ The fiber that is produced from different chemical compositions, structures, and properties is significantly modified during the
manufacturing process and is called synthetic fiber. Examples- Polyester, Acrylic, etc.
◦ Staple fiber
◦ Staples refer to fibers of individual lengths and can be any composition. Individual fibers such as natural silk or synthetics are known as
filaments rather than staple fibers.
◦ Filament
◦ Staple fiber's opposite word is filament fiber, a fiber that comes in uninterrupted lengths for use. Silk
taken from a silkworm cocoon is called a filament. If the filament fiber is cut into different lengths, it
becomes the staple fiber.
◦ Yarn
◦ A long continuous length of interlocked fibers that is suitable for use in the production of textiles,
sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, or rope making is called yarn.
◦ Dyeing: The process of adding color to fibers, yarns, or fabrics.
◦ Elasticity: Ability of a fiber / fabric to stretch and then return to its original shape and size.
◦ Embroidery: It is the process of decorating a fabric with needle and thread.
◦ Fabric Construction: The method used to create a fabric, such as woven or knitted.
◦ Fabric Density: The number of yarns per unit area of a fabric.
◦ Fabric Hand: The physical characteristics of a fabric, such as softness, drape, and stiffness.
◦ Fabric Performance: The ability of a fabric to
withstand wear, fading, shrinkage, and other
factors that affect its durability and appearance.
◦ Fabric Stretch: The ability of a fabric to stretch
or recover its shape after being stretched.
◦ Fabric Weight: The weight of a fabric, typically
measured in ounces or grams.
◦ Fabric Width: The width of a fabric, typically
measured in inches or centimeters.
◦ Fabric: A material made by weaving or knitting
together fibers or yarns.
◦ Fiber Content: The types of fibers that make up
a textile fabric, such as cotton, polyester, or nylon.
◦ Fiber: A basic building block of textiles, a fiber is a very thin
strand of material that is used to create fabrics. Generally the
length should be 500 to 1000 times longer than width. It should
have certain properties also like sufficient strength, length,
fineness, elasticity, crimp, friction, power to react with acid and
alkalis and the power to protect the effect of biological agents etc.
Example: Cotton, Jute, Linen, Nylon etc.
◦ Filament: Filament is a long, continuous strand of fibers, which
is used to create yarns and fabrics. Filaments can be made from a
variety of materials, including natural fibers such as silk or
cotton, and synthetic fibers such as polyester or nylon. Filaments
are often produced by spinning fibers together to create a
continuous strand, but they can also be produced by extruding a
polymer through a spinneret to create a continuous strand of
synthetic fibers.
◦ Finishing: The process of applying chemicals and mechanical
actions to the fabric for the final desired output.
◦ Fleece: A type of fabric that is made from a soft, fluffy material,
often used for warm clothing or blankets.
◦ Knitting: A method of creating fabric by looping yarns together using
needles.
◦ Lace: A delicate, openwork fabric made by interlacing threads in a
pattern.
◦ Non-woven: A fabric that is not created by weaving or knitting, but
rather by bonding fibers together chemically or mechanically.
◦ Pile: A type of fabric that has a raised surface, such as velvet or
corduroy.
◦ Pilling: A fabric’s tendency to form little balls of fluff as a result of
abrasion.
◦ Polymer: This compound is a combination of large molecules made
from a chain of smaller, repeating chemical units called monomers.
◦ Printing: The process of applying a design or pattern to a fabric
surface.
◦ Resilience: The ability of a fibre to spring back to its original shape
after deformation.
◦ Sateen: A type of fabric or weave that features a glossy surface.
◦ Staple fiber: Shot to average fiber lengths, e.g. cotton.
WOVEN KNITTED
◦ Textile Testing: The process of evaluating the properties and quality of
textiles.
◦ Thread: A thin strand of yarn that is used in sewing or weaving.
◦ Tissue: The properties of textile fabrics in relation to their use,
drapability, feel, and appearance.
◦ Twill: A type of fabric or weave that features a diagonal pattern.
◦ Warp: The lengthwise threads in a woven fabric.
◦ Weave: The method used to create a fabric by interlacing threads or
yarns in a pattern.
◦ Weft: The crosswise threads in a woven fabric.
◦ Yarn: A yarn is formed via the process of spinning, which takes fibers and
twists them. This process holds fibers together (whether they are staple
fibers or continuous filaments) and adds strength to them so they are not
easily pulled apart.
◦ Yarn Count: A numerical value indicating the fineness or thickness of
yarns. The weight of the original fiber and the length of yarn produced
from the raw materials indicate the thickness of the yarn which is
determined by the extent of the drawing process. The yarn count may be
measured in a number of ways: the traditional fixed-length Count, Tex
and Denier.