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Final Report Math

The document summarizes different types of matter including pure substances, mixtures, and various elements. Pure substances are either elements or compounds, while mixtures contain two or more substances keeping their chemical identities. Elements are grouped into metals, non-metals, and metalloids based on their properties. Metals are shiny, malleable, and conduct heat and electricity well. Non-metals have high ionization energies and electronegativities and are poor conductors. Metalloids exhibit some metal and non-metal properties. Inert gases are relatively nonreactive with a complete valence shell.

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8 views10 pages

Final Report Math

The document summarizes different types of matter including pure substances, mixtures, and various elements. Pure substances are either elements or compounds, while mixtures contain two or more substances keeping their chemical identities. Elements are grouped into metals, non-metals, and metalloids based on their properties. Metals are shiny, malleable, and conduct heat and electricity well. Non-metals have high ionization energies and electronegativities and are poor conductors. Metalloids exhibit some metal and non-metal properties. Inert gases are relatively nonreactive with a complete valence shell.

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Fe Baliza
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Essential of Physical

Science
Matter:
Matter is made up of particles called atoms and
molecules.

Classification of Matter:
• Pure substance
• Mixture
1. Pure Substance
 A distinct properties that do not vary from sample to
sample. Example of pure substances include elements and
compound.
• Cannot be separated into 2 or more substances by physical or
mechanical means
• Is Homogeneous is has uniform composition throughout the whole
sample
• Its properties are constant throughout the whole sample
• Its properties do not depend on how it is prepared or purified
• Has constant chemical composition
Element
An element is a pure substance that cannot be decomposed ( broken
down) into simpler substances, by ordinary chemical process.

Compounds
Compounds are pure substances made of atoms of two or
more elements chemically combined in fixed ratios.
Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances
2. Mixture
 A combination of two or more substances and each substance keeps its
own chemical identity.
 A mixture is either heterogenous or homogenous.

Heterogeneous Mixtures
 A type of mixture in which the components can easily be identified
as there are two or more phases present.
Homogeneous Mixture
 Also called solutions, must be uniform.
 Separated Substance
Metal Elements
Elements
 Metals are shinny solids are room temperature ( Except mercury, which is a shiny
liquid element), with characteristics high melting points and densities.
 One Characteristic of metals is their ability to be deformed without breaking.
The following is the summary of the common properties of metal elements
- Shiny “ metallic “ appearance - Low electronegativities
- High melting points - Usually, high deformation
- High densities - Malleable
- Large atomic radii - Ductile
- Low ionization energies - Electrical conductors
Examples:
Gold Sodium
Copper Magnesium
Silver
Non- metals
 High ionization energies and electronegativities. They are generally poor
conductors of heat and electricity. Solid nonmental are generally brittle, with
little or no metallic luster. Most nonmetals have the ability to gain electrons
easily.

The following is the summary of the common properties of nonmetal elements.


 High ionization energies  Brittle solids
 High electronegativities  Little or no metallic luster
 Poor thermal conductors  Gain electrons easily
 Poor electrical conductors
Examples:
 Nitrogen
 Oxygen
 Sulfur
 Chlorine
 Neon
Metalloids ( Semimetals)
The electronegativities and ionization energies of the metalloids are between those of
the metals and nonmetals, so the metalloids exhibit characteristics of both classes. The
reactivity of the metalloid’s depends on the element with which they are reacting.

Example:
• Boron acts as a nonmetal when reacting with sodium yet as a metal when reacting
with fluorine. The boiling points, melting points, and densities of the metalloids vary
widely.
• Boron, Silicon, Arsenic, Antimony, Polonium.
 Common properties of metalloids.

1. Electronegativities between those of metals and nonmetals.


2. Ionization energies between those of teals and nonmetals.
3. Reacting depends on properties of other elements in reaction
4. Often make good semiconductors.
Inert Gases
The noble gases are relatively nonreactive. This is because they have a
complete valence shell. They have little tendency to gain or lose electrons . The
noble gases have high ionization energies and negligible electronegativities.
The noble gases have low boiling points and are all gases at room
temperature.

The following is the summary of the common properties of inert gases.


• Fairly nonreactive
• Complete valence shell
• High ionization energies
• Very low electronegativities
• Low boiling points( all gases at room temperature)
Examples:
• Argon • Xenon
• Helium • krypton
• Neon
Thank
You

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