Scribd
Upload
8 views21 pages

Strings 2

Uploaded by

israelibazebo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views21 pages

Strings 2

Uploaded by

israelibazebo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Strings

Strings
• A string is a sequence of characters, and can be the empty string
• In C++, a string has “double quotes”, not single quotes:
• “this is a string”
• ‘this is not a string’
• In C++, there are two types of strings;
i. C strings (char arrays), inherited from the C language.
ii. C++ strings (string objects), which is part of the standard C++
library. A more modern approach to manipulating strings.
C strings (char arrays)
• Although the string type described here may be a bit “old fashioned,”
it is still widely used and is an integral part of the C++ language.
• It leverages on the concepts of arrays and the char data type.
• For example, if we want to represent the string "Hello World“ in a C++
program, we can define an array of characters with 12 indexed
variables.
• 11 for the 11 letters in “Hello World” (including the space in between
the words). Plus one for the character ‘\0’, which serves as an end
marker.
C strings (char arrays)
• The character ‘\0’ is called the null character and is used as an end
marker because it is distinct from all the “real” characters.
• The end marker determines when the program should stop reading
the content of the array, therefore the end of the string
• A string stored in this way (as an array of characters terminated with
‘\0’) is called a C string.
• For example
C strings (char arrays)
• The previous example can also be expressed like this:
char text[12] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'W', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd', '\0’};
• Note the presence of the end marker ‘\0’, as that is what makes it a
C-string
C strings (char arrays)
• A C-string variable is an array, so it has indexed variables that can be
used just like those of any other array.
• So in the previous example, we can manipulate the individual indexes
of the array.
• For example, we can replace the space in between the “Hello World”
simply by accessing the index and giving it a new value.
• text[5] = ‘-’;
Common C strings functions
• C string provides some functions which can be used to perform
common related activities with strings. They are in the cstring library.
Some of them include:
• Copying: strcpy (Target_String, Src_String)
• Comparison: strcmp(Target_String, Src_String)
• Length: strlen(Src_String)
• Concatenation: strcat(Target_String, Src_String)
String concatenation
Standard C++ string
• The class string is defined in the library whose name is also , and the
definitions are placed in the std namespace.
• The class string is often thought of as a modern replacement for C
strings.
• The class string allows you to treat string values and string
expressions very much like values of a simple type. You can use the =
operator to assign a value to a string variable, and you can use the +
sign to concatenate two strings.
• For example, if a = “Hello” and b = “ World”, then c = a + b will be
“Hello World”.
Standard C++ string
• C++ strings can also be created using a constructor. For example,
• string text(“Hello”) is the same as string text = “Hello”.
• With the C++ strings, we can also take in value from the user with cin.
Standard C++ string
• In the previous program, entering a string with space in between will
not be fully read, only the first word will be read into the variable.
• C++ provides a special function for dealing with this kind of situation.
The getline function.
Common Standard C++ strings functions
• Standard C++ string provides some functions which can be used to
perform common related activities with strings. Some of them
include:
• Searching: str.find(str1)
• Concatenation: str1 += str2
• Insertion: str.insert(pos, str2);
• Removal: str.remove(pos, length);
Concatenation with Append
Using cin function
Using getline function
Thank you

You might also like