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Statistics Lesson 1

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Statistics Lesson 1

Uploaded by

史朗Ezequiel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRAYER

February 23, 2023


LESSON 1:
Basic Concept in
Statistics and
Probability
STATISTICS
is a branch of Mathematics that deals
with the collection, analysis and interpretation
of data.
Types of Statistics
1. Descriptive – used to describe the
characteristics or features of a dataset.
Descriptive statistics look at distribution,
central tendency and variability.
Types of Descriptive Statistics
a. Distribution – frequency of different outcomes in a
population or sample.
b. Central tendency – the mean, median and mode.
c. Variability – the standard deviation, minimum and
maximum values, range, kurtosis and skewness.
c.1. standard deviation – shows the amount of variation or dispersion
c.2.minimum and maximum value – highest and lowest value in a
dataset.
c.3.range – size of the distribution value.
c.4.kutosis – shows whether the tail contains extreme values.
c.5. skewness – measures dataset’s symmetry.
Types of Statistics
2. Inferential – helps draw conclusion and
make prediction based on dataset. It’s results
is always in the form of probability.
Types of Inferential Statistics Calculations:
a. Regression Analysis – shows the difference between
dependent and independent variables.
b. Hypothesis Tests – compare entire population or assess
relationships between variables using samples.
c. Confidence Intervals – observes the variability in a
statistics to draw an interval estimate for a parameter.
As descriptive statistics focuses on
summarizing the key features of dataset,
inferential focuses on making predictions.
PROBABILITY/PROBABILITY THEORY
is a branch of Mathematics concerned with the
analysis of random phenomena. The outcome of a
random event cannot be determined before it
occurs, but it may be any one of several possible
outcomes. The actual outcome is considered to be
determined by chance.
RANDOM VARIABLE
Variable – is a characteristics that is observable or
measurable in every unit or universe.
Random Variable – is a numerical description of the
outcome of a random event.
RANDOM VARIABLE
Variable – is a characteristics that is observable or
measurable in every unit or universe.
Random Variable – is a function that associates a real
number to each element in the sample space. It is a variable
whose values are determined by chance.
Sample Space – A set notation containing all possible outcomes.
TYPES OF RANDOM VARIABLE
Discrete – represent count data, such as the
number of defective chairs produced in a factory.
Continuous Variable – represent measured data,
such as heights, weights, and temperatures.
OTHER TYPES OF VARIABLES
Qualitative – results from counting or measuring
something. (can be ratio or interval data)
Qualitative/Categorical Variable – cannot be
measured, usually descriptive or textual ( ordinal - or
nominal data)

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