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336 Primary Data

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9 views16 pages

336 Primary Data

Uploaded by

tarunya.singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Primary and

Secondary Data
Objectives of this
lesson: Primary and
Secondary Data
• Define secondary and primary
data
• Describe primary data
collection methods
• Describe sampling techniques
• Identify advantages
disadvantages of different data
gathering techniques
• Construct a survey
Secondary Data
• Data gathered by another source
(e.g. research study, survey,
interview)
• Secondary data is gathered BEFORE
primary data. WHY?
• Because you want to find out what is
already known about a subject before
you dive into your own
investigation. WHY?
• Because some of your questions can
possibly have been already answered
by other investigators or authors.
Why “reinvent the wheel”?
Primary Data
• Data never gathered before
• Advantage: find data you need
to suit your purpose
• Disadvantage: usually more
costly and time consuming than
collecting secondary data
• Collected after secondary data
is collected
Sampling Techniques
Population - total group of
respondents that the researcher
wants to study. Populations are
too costly and time consuming to
study in entirety.

Sample - selecting and


surveying respondents
(research participants)
from the population.
Sampling Techniques
A probability sample is one that
gives every member of the
population a known chance of being
selected.
– simple random sample - anyone
– stratified sample - different groups
(ages)
– cluster sample - different areas
(cities)
All are selected randomly.
Sampling Techniques
A non-probability sample is an
arbitrary grouping that limits
the use of some statistical
tests. It is not selected
randomly.
• convenience sample - readily
available
• quota sample - maintain
representation
Primary Research Methods
• Focus Groups – bring together
respondents with common
characteristics
• Observation - actually view
respondents
• Experiment - controlled variables and
respondent groups.
• Non-personal survey – on site,
telephone, mail, fax, computer, panel
• Personal interview - one-on-one
survey with respondents
• Company records – internal document
survey research
Constructing the
Questionnaire
Select the correct types of
questions:
• open ended – harder to score but get
“richer” information
• closed ended, dichotomous – offer
two either/or responses (true/false;
yes/no; for/against
• multiple choice – select one or
more than one
• scaled response – gather range of
“values” (strongly disagree, somewhat
disagree, neutral, somewhat agree,
strongly agree
1. Have you had any of the following
medical preventive tests/exams?

_____ mammogram (if a women)


_____ prostate exam (if a man)
_____ lung x-ray
_____ electrocardiogram
_____ stress test
2. Do you currently smoke?

_____ YES

_____ NO
3. Please evaluate the following statement:

I understand the University’s code of


conduct as it relates to plagiarism.
____absolutely agree
____somewhat agree
____neutral
____somewhat disagree
____absolutely disagree
Important
characteristics of good
questionnaires
• Plan a user-friendly format
• Gather demographic data – age, gender,
etc., when necessary.
• Guarantee anonymity
• Ensure ease of tabulation – Scantron
forms
• Ask well-phrased and unambiguous
questions that can be answered
• Develop for completeness – get all the
data
• Pilot test the instrument
Assignment
Prepare a questionnaire (word processed on paper) that
you utilized to gather the primary data for the formal
report case.
• The questionnaire will be inserted as an appendix at the
end of your formal report.
Remember, you should include on the survey:
• an introductory statement about the purpose of the
survey,
• a motivational reason why customers should take it, and
• a reminder to participants that they are taking the survey
anonymously.
You should NOT include on the survey:
• answer percentages
purpose of the survey
Introductory Statement

The purpose of this survey is to help management identify family


issues that our employees experience that are related to job
performance. Please respond to the following survey items by
checking the appropriate response next to each question/item. Your
responses are completely anonymous and will only be used to assess
overall employee characteristics.

ensure anonymity
END

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