Vocabulary

Seismographs (n)
are instruments that measure and record details about earthquakes, such as their strength and
how long they last.
Ex: Seismographs tell us that moderate earthquakes often last 10 to 30 seconds.
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Evacuation (n)
is the act of moving from a dangerous area to a safer one.
Ex: The governor ordered an evacuation of their city, so Linda and her mom packed up their car
and left.
Synonym: emigration
Antonym: coming
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Reservoir(n)
is a place where a supply of something is collected.
Ex: The water behind the dam formed into a reservoir.
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conferring (v)
discussing an idea or trying to make a decision.
Ex: I saw them conferring about which plan to put into action.
Synonym: advise
Antonym: refusing
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Consequences(n)
are the outcomes or effects of events
Ex: Jay faced the consequences of being late when he found the store had already closed.
Synonym: effect
Antonym: cause
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Widespread (adj)
it happens over a large area or among many people.
Ex: The ash that spewed from the volcano was widespread.
Synonym: extended
Antonym: narrow
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Alarming (adj)
makes you worry that something bad may happen.
Ex: The funnel cloud was an alarming sight.
Synonym: fearful
Antonym: calming
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Victim(n)
suffer or die because of something.
Ex: Rescuers carried a victim of the storm’s devastation.
Synonym: loss
Antonym: murderer
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Prior (adj)
coming before, in time or order
Ex: Prior to driving, my mother checks to see that I have fastened my seatbelt.
Synonym: first
Antonym: last
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Magnitude(n)
the size of something
Ex: The magnitude of the Alaskan earthquake was 9.2.
Synonym: weightiness
Antonym: smallness
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Literally(adj)
Exactly
Ex: It literally rained for five days in a row.
Synonym: word for word
Antonym: carelessly
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maintenance (n)
the act of taking care of it and repairing it when needed.
Ex: The maintenance needed to keep the school in good condition requires everyone’s help.
Synonym: care
Antonym: damage
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Destruction (n)
the act of destroying or ruining something.
Ex: The destruction of buildings is often widespread during an earthquake.
Synonym: ruin
Antonym: construction
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triggered (v)
an action or event, you did something to start it.
Ex: My hand triggered the dominoes falling.
Synonym: started
Antonym: turned off
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Thrust (v)
to push something with great force
Ex: The violent movement of the earthquake thrust the ground up through the pavement.
Synonym: raise
Antonym: sink / fall
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Radiate (v)
to spread out in waves or rays.
Ex: Shock waves radiate from the epicenter of an earthquake just as ripples radiate in a pond.
Synonym: spread
Antonym: close on
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parallel (adj)
move in the same direction
Ex: The highway was marked with yellow parallel lines.
Synonym: alike
Antonym: different
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lateral (adj)
it moves side to side
Ex: Some chess pieces can only make a lateral move.
Synonym: side
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modified (adj)
the version of something is a revised, or changed, version .
Ex: The plans for the house were modified in case of flooding.
Synonym: changed
Antonym: fixed
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Frame the vocabulary words into meaningful sentences.
1. modified
2.Destruction
3. Evacuation
4. Magnitude
5.parallel
 Grammar
Grammer Practice page-
Linking and Action Verbs Page-3.1.1
Main and Helping Verbs-Page-3.1.2
Verb Tenses-Page-3.1.3
Review Verbs Page-3.1.4
Present and Past Tense
A verb in the present tense tells what is happening now, or what happens often.
A verb in the past tense tells what has already happened. Past tense verbs often
end with -ed.
Ex: We vote for a president today.( Present Tense)
EX: We voted for a president last year.( Past Tense)
Future Tense
A verb in the future tense tells what will happen in the future. Verbs in the future
tense use the helping verb will. The contraction form is [’ll].
Ex: We will visit the Statue of Liberty next month.
Identify the verbs and tell whether they are past or present.
1 Malek likes the fireworks on Independence Day.
2 Tonya called Sonia yesterday afternoon.
3 We planned a picnic for the Fourth of July.
4 They march in the town parade every year.
5 Don surprised me with our new parade float.
6 Mia helped us with the decorations.
7 We are in the float contest this year.
8 Malek named our float “Fifth Graders Represent!”
Identify the verbs. Say past, present, or future to show the tense of each verb.
1 Dixie finished her homework already, but I will finish mine tonight.
2 Jack will study the Bill of Rights with me, so we will pass our tests.
3 I remembered the first five amendments, so I will focus on the other five.
4 News reporters often talk about the freedom of speech and how they will
protect it.
5 We will work together and will investigate problems.
Linking and Action Verbs
An action verb shows what the subject does, did, or will do.
A linking verb connects the subject of the sentence to the predicate or object.
Ex of linking verbs{ am, is, are, was, were, feel, look, seem, and appear}.
Ex:
The tree kangaroo climbed out on the branch. Action verb
The tree kangaroo looked unusual. Linking verb
Main and Helping Verbs
Main verbs tell what the subject is thinking or doing.
Helping verbs come before the main verb and add detail. Some helping verbs are may, might, must, been, is,
do, should, have, will, and can.
Ex:
We may go to the park soon.
HV AV
Identify the action verb or linking verb in each sentence.
1 The tree kangaroo jumped from the branch.
2 I traveled to the forests of Papua New Guinea.
3 The scientists tracked the animal.
4 The workers felt very tired.
5 The tree kangaroo appeared short and squat.
6 The men built a fence around the tree.
7 After a few minutes, the animal awakened.
8 The tree kangaroo is a wild animal.
Identify the main verb and helping verb in each sentence.
1 We must preserve our wild places.
2 I am presenting my findings today.
3 The scientists may find a solution to this problem.
4 We will release Tess back into the wild.
5 I will study the animals with the team.
Suggest a helping verb that best completes the sentence.
6 Freddy -----------finish his science homework at our house.
7 You -----------ask the teacher about tree kangaroos.
Regular Verbs
A verb is a regular verb if adding -ed or -d shows that the action happened in the
past. A regular verb also ends with -ed when it is used with the helping verbs has, have, or had.
Ex:
The soldiers hiked around the lake. Regular Verb
They had looked for a shorter route. Regular Verb
Irregular Verbs
The past tense of an irregular verb cannot be formed by adding -ed or -d. You can form the past tense of
some irregular verbs by changing a vowel. Memorize the past tense of other irregular verbs.
Base form Past tense Past participle
be was/were been
begin began begun
break broke broken
bring brought brought
buy bought bought
build built built
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost