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# Lecture 1 Introduction To Manufacturing

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22 views31 pages

# Lecture 1 Introduction To Manufacturing

Uploaded by

karannikam24155
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Manufacturing

Processes
Need

To create goods for human being to support living


and improve standard of life.

Producing more goods using less resource is the


target to cater needs of public in general

So productivity is of prime importance and is


achieved by reducing wastage in the form of
scrap and defective products
Incandescent Light Bulbs
“glowing with heat”

Figure a Components of a common


Bulb Incandescent light bulb.
Source: Courtesy of General Electric Company.

Figure b Manufacturing steps in


making an incandescent light bulb.
Step in Manufacturing a Light Bulb

The first step is making the glass


stem that supports the lead-in
wires and the filament
connects them to the base of
the bulb.
Step in Manufacturing a Light Bulb

All these components


are positioned, assembled, and
sealed
while the glass is heated by
gas flames.
Step in Manufacturing a Light Bulb

The filament is then attached


to the lead-in wires.
Step in Manufacturing a Light Bulb

The filament is made by powder


metallurgy techniques.
which involves first pressing
tungsten powder into ingots and
sintering it.
Step in Manufacturing a Light Bulb

Next, the ingot is shaped into


round rods by rotary swaging and
then drawing it through a set of
dies into thin wire.
The wire diameter for a 60-W,
120-V bulb is 0.045 mm.
Step in Manufacturing a Light Bulb

The diameter must be controlled


precisely, because if it is only 1%
less than the diameter specified,
the life of the bulb would be
Step in Manufacturing a Light Bulb

The diameter must be controlled


precisely, because if it is only 1%
less than the diameter specified,
the life of the bulb would be
reduced by as much as 25%.
Step in Manufacturing a Light Bulb

Filament wire is coiled this is


done in order to increase the light
producing capacity of the
filament.
Step in Manufacturing a Light Bulb

The completed stem assembly


(called the mount) is transferred to
a machine that lowers a glass
bulb over the mount.
Gas flames are used to seal the
rim of the mount to the neck of
the bulb.
Step in Manufacturing a Light Bulb

The air in the bulb is then


exhausted and filled inert
with gas.
The filling gas must be
pure.
Step in Manufacturing a Light Bulb

The next step involves


attaching the metal base
withto a the
special
glasscement.
bulb
machine that The performs
this the
operation also solders or welds
lead-in wires to the base, to
provide the electrical connection.
Step in Manufacturing a Light Bulb

The lead- wires are


in
made of nickel, copper,
usually or
molybdenum, and the
support wires are made of
molybdenum
Step in Manufacturing a Light Bulb

The bulb base is generally made


from aluminum, replacing the
more expensive brass base.

Bulb Industry
Manufacturing
Today, production methods have advanced to such an
extent that
(a) Aluminum beverage cans are made at rates
of more than 500 per minute, with each can costing
about Rs
1.2 to make,
(b) Holes in sheet metal are punched at rates of 800 holes
per minute, and
(c) Incandescent light bulbs are made at rates of more
than 2000 bulbs per minute.
Manufacturing

The word manufacture first and is derived from the Latin


appeared in English in 1567 manu factus, meaning
“made by hand”.

The word manufacturing first appeared in 1683, and the word


production, which is often used interchangeably with the word
manufacturing, first appeared sometime during the 15th century.
Manufacturing

Technologically:
Economically: (value
Physical and
addition) A step to
chemical processes
convert raw
to alter size, shape
material into useful
and properties of
product of high
material suitable
value.
for service use.
Manufacturing- Technologically

Application of physical and chemical processes


used for changing shape, size, properties, and
appearance of raw material for required function.
 Always carried out as a sequence of operations.
Manufacturing – Economically
( value Addition)
Transformation of materials into items of greater value by
means of one or more processing and/or assembly
operations
 Raw material processed by manufacturing processes
usable goods are obtained (high value)
Purpose of Manufacturing

Making useable products for human being


having required attributes
 Size and Shape
 Surface Finish and controlled tolerance
 Properties and characteristics for prolong life
Classification of Manufacturing
Processes
Solidification Processes

Particulate Processesing

Material Removal Process


Shaping Processes Deformation Processes

Processesing Property Enhancing


Heat Treatment
Operations Processes
Cleaning & Surface
treatments
Surface Processing
Manufacturing
Operations Adhesive Bonding
Processes
Welding
Permanent Joining Soldering and Brazing
Assembly Processes
Operations Adhesive Bonding

Thread Fasteners
Mechanical Fastening
Permanent Fastening
Methods
Fundamental Approaches of Manufacturing
Manufacturing Processes: Casting
Manufacturing Processes: Forming and Shaping
Manufacturing Processes: Sheet Metal Working
Manufacturing Processes: Polymer Processing
Manufacturing Processes: Joining
Manufacturing Processes: Machining

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