Lesson 2 Part 2

Client Server Model

Dr. Alauddin Al-Omary
From Cisco Academy materials
Client Server

A simple definition of CS is
“ server software accepts requests for data
from client software and returns the
results to the client”
Elements of C-S Computing

a client, a server, and network

st
ue
q
Re
Client
Server
Network
Re
su
lt
Client machine
Server machine
Where Operations are Done

In C-S Relationship “most of the

application processing is done on a
computer (client side), which obtains
application services (such as
database services) from another
computer (server side) in a master
slave configuration
 CS-Focus is on

In client-server computing major

focus is on SOFTWARE
Application Tasks

User
UserInterface
Interface

Presentation
PresentationLogic
Logic

Application
ApplicationLogic
Logic

Data
DataRequests
Requests&&Results
Results

Physical
PhysicalData
DataManagement
Management
Client (dumb) - Server Model

Server

ke
Client

tro
ys
Ke
Presentation Logic

Network
Di Application Logic
sp
lay
s
DBMS
True Client-Server Model

Server

ke
Client

tro
ys
Ke
Application Logic
Presentation Logic Network
Pr
oc DBMS
Re es
su sed
lts
Distributed Client-Server Model

Server

ie d
Client

er sse
Qu oce
s
Pr
Application Logic
Application Logic
Network
Pr
oc DBMS
Presentation Logic Re es
su sed
lts
Client-server computing is distributed access,
not a distributed computing.
 RPC Look and Feel like Local Calls
results= calling results= called
bar(arguments) procedure bar(arguments) procedure

arguments

arguments
results

results
results=
calling
bar(arguments)
procedure
(client)
client stub server stub
network transport network transport
arguments

results

request message

request message
reply message

reply message
called
procedure
(client)
Network

Local Procedure Call Remote Procedure Call (RPC)

 Flow Control in a Sychronous RPC
Client Machine Server Machine

Service Daemon Listening

Client RPC Call

Program Invoke Service

Service Executes
with Request Service Call
Client
Waiting Netw
o rk
return() answer
return ( )
Request Completed
reply

May be the same machine

 Multithreaded Server

Server Process
Client Process
Server
Threads

Client Process

User Mode

Kernel Mode
Message Passing
Facility
 The Client/Server
Infrastructure
Client Middleware Server
Service Specific
SQL/IDAPI TxRPC Mail ORB Objects
GUI/OOUI
DSM
Groupware
SNMP CMIP DME

NOS
TP
monitor
Directory Security Distributed file

RPC Messaging Peer-to-peer DBMS

DSM Transport Stack DSM
NetBIOS TCP/IP IPX/SPX SNA
Operating System Operating System
OOUI (Object Oriented User Interface) RPC (remote Procedure Call) DME (Distributed Management Environment)
GUI (Graphical User Interface) DSM (Distributed System Management) IDAPI (Integrated Database API)
SNMP (simple Network Management Protocol) CMIP (Communication Management Internet protocol)
Categories of Servers
• File Server
• Data Server
• Compute Server
• Database Server
• Communication Server
• Video Server
• Time Server
File Server
• File Servers manage a work group’s
application and data files, so that they may
be shared by the group.
• Very I/O oriented
• Pull large amount of data off the storage
subsystem and pass the data over the
network
• Requires many slots for network
connections and a large-capacity, fast hard
disk subsystem.
File Server
• In computing, a file server (or fileserver) is a computer attached to a network
that provides a location for shared disk access, i.e. shared storage of computer
files (such as text, image, sound, video) that can be accessed by the
workstations that are able to reach the computer that shares the access
through a computer network.
• The term server highlights the role of the machine in the client–server scheme,
where the clients are the workstations using the storage.
• It is common that a file server does not perform computational tasks, and does
not run programs on behalf of its clients.
• It is designed primarily to enable the storage and retrieval of data while the
computation is carried out by the workstations.
• File servers are commonly found in schools and offices, where users use a LAN
to connect their client computers.
Dedicated and Non-dedicated file server
• A file server may be dedicated or non-dedicated.
• A dedicated server is designed specifically for use as a file server, with
workstations attached for reading and writing files and databases.
• File servers may also be categorized by the method of access: Internet file
servers are frequently accessed by File Transfer Protocol or by HTTP (but are
different from, that often provide dynamic web content in addition to static
files).
• Servers on a LAN are usually accessed by SMB/CIFS protocol (Windows and
Unix-like) or NFS protocol (Unix-like systems).
• Database servers, that provide access to a shared database via a database
device driver, are not regarded as file servers as they may require.
Server Message Block (SMB)Protocol
Common Internet File System (CIFS)
Network File System (NFS)
 Introducing Work Folders
Allow information workers to access their individual data
… that is centrally located on a traditional file server
… from all of their devices
… from wherever they are
… while remaining in compliance with policies
Compute Server
• Performs Application logic processing
• Compute Servers requires
 processors with high performance
capabilities
 large amounts of memory
 relatively low disk subsystems

• By separating data from the computation

processing, the compute server’s processing
capabilities can be optimized
Cluster as Compute Server

Many powerful servers are connected as a cluster using high speed networks.
Client request are executed very fast
Data Server
• Data-oriented; used only for data storage
and management Data
Server
• Since a data server can serve more than
one compute server, compute-intensive
applications can be spread among multiple
severs
• Does not prefer any application logic Compute
Server
processing
• Performs processes such as data
validation, required as part of the
data management function.
• Requires fast processor, large amount of
memory and substantial Hard disk
capacity.
Cluster as High Availablity Data Server
Data
Server

Compute
Server

Instead of using one data server, many data server are used which are connected as a clusters
This give fault tolerant capabilities and high availability
Database Server
• Most typical use of technology in client-server
• Accepts requests for data, retrieves the data from its
database (or requests data from another node) and
passes the results back.
• Compute server with data server provides the same
functionality.
• The server requirement depends on the size of
database, speed with which the database must be
updated, number of users and type of network used.
• Example: Air ticket reservation system
Communication Server
 Provides gateway to other LANs, networks &
Computers
 E-mail Server & internet server
 Modest system requirements
 multiple slots
 fast processor to translate
networking protocols
Internet Server (Web server)

PC client
Internet Server

Local Area
Network

UNIX workstations
Used to host the organization web page
That can be accessed from anywhere
Time Server
• A time server is a server computer that reads the actual time from a
reference clock and distributes this information to its clients using a
computer network.
• The time server may be a local network time server or an
internet time server
• The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is used by hundreds of millions of
computers and devices to synchronize their clocks over the Internet. If
your computer sets its own clock, it likely uses NTP.
Useful video
• See The following Video
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggp5C1q0gNA