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C Basics

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Raghu M E
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6 views9 pages

C Basics

Uploaded by

Raghu M E
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC STRUCTURE OF C PROGRAM

 C program can be viewed as a group of building blocks called functions.


 A function is a subroutine that may include one or more statements.

Fig: An overview of C program


.

The documentation section consist of set of comment lines giving name to program.
Link section provides instruction to the compiler to link functions to system library.
In global declaration section contains variables that are declared outside of all
functions.
Every C program must have main() function section.
The subprogram section contains all user defined functions that are called in main
function.
PROGRAMMING STYLE
Unlike some other programming language C is free_form_language. That is, C compiler

does not care, where on the line we begin typing.


C program statements are written in lowercase letters. Uppercase letters are used only

for symbolic constants.


Braces, group program statements together and mar the beginning and end of functions.

A proper indentation of braces and statements would make a program easier to read and

debug.
• The statements
a = b;
x = y + 1;
z = a + 1;
Can be written in one line as:
a = b; x = y +1; z = a+ x;
• The program: main()
{
printf(“Hello C”);
}
May be written in one line as
main( ) {printf(“Hello C”)};
EXECUTING A ‘C’ PROGRAM
 Executing a C program involves series of steps. They are:

1. Creating the program.

2. Compiling the program.

3. Linking the program with functions that are needed from the C library.

4. Executing the program


Process of compiling and running a C program
1. Creating the program
Once we load the UNIX operating system into the memory, the computer s ready to

receive program.
The program must be entered into a file. File name can consist of letters, digits and

special characters, followed by a dot and the letter c.


Examples are: hello.c

program.c
 The file is created with the help of text editor, either ed or vi.
COMPILNG THE PROGRAM
Let us assume that the source program has been created in a file named hello.c. Now
the program is ready for compilation.
The compilation command to achieve this under UNIX is
cc hello.c
EXECUTING A PROGRAM
Execution is a simple task. The command
a. out
would load the executable object code into memory and execute the instructions.
MULTIPLE SOURCE FILE
 To compile and link multiple source program files, we must append all the fule names to the
cc command
cc filename-1.c….filename-n.c
 These files will be separately compiled into object files called
filename-i.o

Fig: Compilation of multiple files.

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