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DISEASE PREVENTION AND
CONTROL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASE AT THE END OF THE SESSION, THE LEARNER SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
Discuss the common communicable diseases
Apply prevention and control skills to avoid acquiring communicable diseases Appreciate the importance of being health conscious and being vigilant against communicable diseases through health practices to sustain life and promote wellness READ, ANALYZE, AND REACT
One summer, my family went to Ilocos for
our yearly summer vacation. One night my daughter had a fever, so I gave her medicine to lower the fever. In the morning, I saw that rashes have appeared on her arms so I suspected measles. I had her occupy another room where she was alone to prevent cross-infections. After breakfast, my late mother-in-law brought my daughter out at the backyard and started scattering some rice while talking indistinctively. She got some soil near a tree where my daughter played and rubs it on my daughter’s arms, face, and feet. She said that she did that because my daughter might have disturbed some spirits in the backyard when she played there. 1. Are the rashes a result of some disturbed spirit? 2. Can playing at the backyard harm some spirits? 3. Will scattering some rice around help heal the rashes? 4. Does rubbing the soil in the arms, face, & feet heal the rashes? 5. What can you say about the story? 6. Do you agree with the belief of the mother-in-law? Why or why not? 7. If you were the mother-in-law, what should you do? ACTIVITY 1: HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW THE NATURE OF DISEASES?
1. Organisms like bacteria and viruses are all over the
environment. 2. Many of the most common diseases are caused by tiny microorganisms called pathogens. 3. Communicable diseases come from one infected person to another. 4. Stomach ache is one symptom that can be manifested by a communicable disease. 5. Viral hepatitis is caused by a virus that affects the liver. 6. Rabies virus can enter only the brain cells while polio virus attacks only the nervous system. 7. Malaria is a sickness caused by a carrier mosquito. 8. Pinworms hatch and live primarily in the intestines of a person. 9. Stagnant water is a reservoir for mosquitos to multiply. 10. of pathogens to invade its host through certain points of entry to cause morbidity. WHAT IS THE DISEASE?
A disorder of structure or function in a
human, animal, or plant, especially one that has a known cause and a distinctive group of symptoms, signs,or anatomical changes. A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism, and that is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that are associated with specific signs and symptoms. PREVENTION AND CONTROL the action of stopping something from happening or arising. the power to influence or direct people's behavior or the course of events. COMMUNICABLE capable of being transmitted from person to person, animal to animal, animal to human, or human to animal COMMUNICABLE DISEASES are illnesses sourced from pathogens which spread from living things to another. Pathogens enter the body through direct or indirect contact causing illness like influenza. PATHOGEN is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host. Pathogens are organisms, frequently microorganisms, or components of these organisms which include various species of bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. TYPES OF PATHOGEN: Bacteria -single-celled microorganisms -most are beneficial but close to a hundred types are known to cause disease. -some release poisonous substance. Diseases: Tuberculosis, strep throat, diphtheria, whooping cough, pneumonia, meningococcemia, anthrax, syphilis, meningitis, cholera Virus -smallest known pathogen infecting cells of biological organisms. -unable to reproduce on their own, it replicates through infecting host cells. Diseases: common colds, measles, rabies, polio, mumps, influenza, severe acute respiratory system (SARS), Bird Flu, hepatitis, chicken pox, HIV. Fungi -single or multi-celled parasitic organisms which can live on skin, mucous membranes and lungs. -obtain food from organic materials such as plants, animals, or human tissue. Diseases: Athlete’s foot, ring worm and tinea flava or an-an. Rickettsia -grows inside living cells and resembles bacteria. -carried as parasites by ticks, fleas, and lies. Diseases: Typhus, spotted fever, rocky mountain Protozoa - Tiny single-celled organisms producing toxins. -reproduce fast through sexual and asexual ways. Diseases: Malaria, amoebiasis, African sleeping sickness, giardiasis. Parasitic Worm -also called helminths. -largest pathogens that can enter the human body. -worm like organisms living and feeding in living hosts while disrupting the nutrients absorption of their host, causing weakness and disease. Diseases: Tapeworm, hookworm, pinworm, roundworm, filariasis. CHAIN OF INFECTION a. Causative Agent/Infectious Agent -A microbial organism with the ability to cause disease. Infectious agents are bacteria, virus, fungi andparasites. b. Reservoir -A place where microorganisms can thrive and reproduce. Microorganisms thrive in human beings, animals and inanimate objects such as water, table tops and doorknobs. c. Portal of Exits -Place of Exit providing a way for a microorganism to leave the reservoir. Microorganisms may leave the reservoir through the nose or mouth when someone sneezes or coughs. Microorganisms, carried away from the body by feces, may also leave the reservoir of an infected bowel. d. Mode of Transmission -The method of transfer by which the organism moves or carried from one place to another or from the reservoir to susceptible hosts. e. Portal of Entry -Any opening allowing the microorganisms to enter the host. It is within the same system of portals of exits like digestive to digestive, respiratory to respiratory, and reproductive to reproductive. f. Susceptible Host -An individual who cannot resist a microorganism invading the body, multiplying and resulting in infection. APPLICATION Make a short film showing of being health concious and being vigilant againts communicable diseases through health practices. you can have 2-3 mins video presentation.
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