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    8hl.18.1 Lewis Acids and Bases

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    lmasadeh
    This document discusses Lewis acids and bases and how they relate to other acid-base theories. It defines Lewis acids and bases and explains how they form coordinate bonds when reacting. It also discusses how Lewis acids and bases relate to electrophiles and nucleophiles and provides examples of each.

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    8hl.18.1 Lewis Acids and Bases

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    lmasadeh
    17 views22 pages
    This document discusses Lewis acids and bases and how they relate to other acid-base theories. It defines Lewis acids and bases and explains how they form coordinate bonds when reacting. It also discusses how Lewis acids and bases relate to electrophiles and nucleophiles and provides examples of each.

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    8hl.18.1_lewis_acids_and_bases

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    This document discusses Lewis acids and bases and how they relate to other acid-base theories. It defines Lewis acids and bases and explains how they form coordinate bonds when reacting. It also discusses how Lewis acids and bases relate to electrophiles and nucleophiles and provides examples of each.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    17 views22 pages

    8hl.18.1 Lewis Acids and Bases

    Uploaded by

    lmasadeh
    This document discusses Lewis acids and bases and how they relate to other acid-base theories. It defines Lewis acids and bases and explains how they form coordinate bonds when reacting. It also discusses how Lewis acids and bases relate to electrophiles and nucleophiles and provides examples of each.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    TOPIC 18

    ACIDS AND BASES


    18.1
    Lewis Acids and Bases
    ESSENTIAL IDEA
    The acid-base concept can be extended to
    reactions that do not involve proton transfer.
    NATURE OF SCIENCE (2.5)
    Theories can be supported, falsified or replaced by new
    theories – acid-base theories can be extended to a wider
    field of applications by considering lone pairs of
    electrons. Lewis theory doesn’t falsify Bronsted-Lowry
    but extends it.
    INTERNATIONAL-MINDEDNESS

    Acid-base theory has developed from


    the ideas of people from different
    parts of the world through
    collaboration and competition.
    .
    THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE
    The same phenomenon can
    sometimes be explored from different
    perspectives, and explained by
    different theories. For example, do we
    judge competing theories by their
    universality, simplicity or elegance?
    UNDERSTANDING/KEY IDEA
    18.1.A

    A Lewis acid is an electron lone


    pair acceptor and a Lewis base is
    an electron lone pair donor.
    THREE MAIN TYPES
     Arrhenius Acid – produces H+ ions
     Arrhenius Base – produces OH- ions
     This is an early theory.

     Bronsted-Lowry Acid – proton donor


     Bronsted-Lowry Base – proton acceptor

     Lewis Acid – electron pair acceptor


     Lewis Base – electron pair donor
    GUIDANCE

    Know the relationship between


    Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis acids
    and bases.
     All Bronsted-Lowry acids are Lewis acids
    because they can accept a lone pair of
    electrons.
     However, not all Lewis acids are Bronsted-
    Lowry acids because they may not have an
    H+ to donate.
     All Bronsted-Lowry bases are Lewis bases
    because they have a lone pair of electrons to
    donate.
     Not all Lewis bases are Bronsted-Lowry bases
    because they don’t have to accept a proton to be
    a Lewis base.
     Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases are subsets of
    Lewis acids and bases so the Lewis definition is a
    broader definition.
     Howtosmile.org
    UNDERSTANDING/KEY IDEA
    18.1.B

    When a Lewis base reacts with a


    Lewis acid a coordinate bond is
    formed.
    BF3 + NH3 ↔ F3BNH3
    BF3 is trigonal planar with no lone pairs of
    electrons. NH3 is trigonal pyramidal with one lone
    pair of electrons.
    NH3 donates both of its electrons to BF 3. The
    bond formed is a “dative” or coordinate covalent
    bond because both electrons came from nitrogen.
    NH3 is the Lewis base because it donates a pair of
    electrons making BF3 the Lewis acid because it
    accepts the lone pair of electrons.
    APPLICATION/SKILLS

    Be able to apply the Lewis theory


    to inorganic and organic
    chemistry to identify the role of
    the reacting species.
     dlt.ncssm.edu dlt.ncssm.edu

    Fe3+ + 6H2O → [Fe(H2O)6]3+

    Fe3+ is the Lewis acid and H2O is the Lewis base.


     dlt.ncssm.edu

    Cu2+ + 4NH3 → [Cu(NH3)4]2+

    Cu2+ is the Lewis acid and NH3 is the Lewis base.


    UNDERSTANDING/KEY IDEA
    18.1.C

    A nucleophile is a Lewis base and


    an electrophile is a Lewis acid.
     A nucleophile is an electron-rich species
    that donates a lone pair to form a new
    covalent bond in a reaction. (Lewis base)
     An electrophile is an electron-deficient
    species that accepts a lone pair from
    another reactant to form a new covalent
    bond. (Lewis acid)
     The reactions are depicted using curly
    arrows.
     Examples of nucleophiles (Lewis bases):
     OH-, NH3, Cl-
     Examples of electrophiles (Lewis acids):
     BF3, Cu2+, Br+, NO2+, (CH3)C+

     www.extremepapers.com
    Learning Check
    Learning Check
    Identify Lewis acid and base in transition metal
    complex below
    Citations
    International Baccalaureate Organization. Chemistry Guide, First
    assessment 2016. Updated 2015.

    Brown, Catrin, and Mike Ford. Higher Level Chemistry. 2nd ed.
    N.p.: Pearson Baccalaureate, 2014. Print.

    Most of the information found in this power point comes directly


    from this textbook.

    The power point has been made to directly complement the Higher
    Level Chemistry textbook by Catrin and Brown and is used for direct
    instructional purposes only.

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