Scribd
Upload
13 views16 pages

Investigating Principles Governing Motion

The document compares Aristotelian and Galilean conceptions of motion. It discusses their views on vertical, horizontal and projectile motion. Key aspects included Aristotle believing motion requires a cause while Galileo saw uniform motion as innate unless acted upon by external forces.

Uploaded by

ldrnsolano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views16 pages

Investigating Principles Governing Motion

The document compares Aristotelian and Galilean conceptions of motion. It discusses their views on vertical, horizontal and projectile motion. Key aspects included Aristotle believing motion requires a cause while Galileo saw uniform motion as innate unless acted upon by external forces.

Uploaded by

ldrnsolano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Investigating Principles

Governing Motion
Galilean Conceptions vs. Aristotelian Conceptions
Aristotelian Conceptions
According to Aristotle, motion is classified as natural or violent
motion.
• natural motion, a body will move and will return to its natural state
based on the body’s nature and composition.
• In contrast, a body moving in a violent motion needs an external force
for it to move.

• natural motion- any motion that an object does naturally without


being forced.
• violent motion- any motion that required a force.
Galilean Conceptions
Galileo disproved Aristotle’s claims and stated that the motion of
a body is not due to its composition. He further asserted that the motion
of a body can be described by measurement and the changes in
quantifiable variables such as time and distance. Lastly, he further
asserted that:
1. A body who is in uniform motion will move a distance that is
proportional to the time it will take to travel;
2. A uniformly accelerating body will travel at a speed proportional to
time; and
3. An object in motion will keep moving; and the external force is not
necessary to maintain the motion.
Galileo and his Uniform Acceleration
Galileo asserted using his cannonball experiment that
when objects are dropped simultaneously at the same height,
they will reach the ground at the same time regardless of mass,
size, and air resistance. This experiment paved the way for the
discovery of the principle of uniform acceleration.
Furthermore, he noticed that falling objects increases
their speed as they go down and he coined this change in speed
as acceleration. His observations lead to remarkable
conclusions that regardless of the mass, size, and shape of an
object, and air resistance, falling objects will always have
uniform acceleration and that, force is not necessary to sustain
the horizontal motion of a body.
He further asserted that the speed of a body is directly
proportional to the time it travels a path and that the distance
covered by a moving body is directly proportional to the square
of time interval which implies that the speed of a falling object
does not depend on a body’s weight but on the time of fall.

• Galileo’s law (mass independence of the acceleration of the


small falling body m) is valid for the inertial observer A and
presents an approximation for the ground observer B.
His inclined plane experiment and cannonball
experiment, he came up with the following observations
and conclusions:

➢ A body moving down an inclined plane increases its


acceleration by the same value after every second.
➢ The maximum acceleration of a body is attained when the
inclined plane is positioned vertically as if the body is falling.
➢ Using the law of parabolic fall, he concluded that bodies fall
with constant acceleration on the surface and that gravity pulling
all bodies downward is a constant force. In this regard, he found
out that force is not necessary to sustain horizontal motion.
Newton’s Laws of Motion
First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)
Newton’s first law states that, if a body is at rest or in
motion, it will remain at rest or keep in motion unless an
external force is acted upon.
• Inertia- is a property of matter that resists changes in motion. If a
mass is not moving, it will stay that way until an unbalanced
external force starts to move it; if a mass is in motion, it will stay in
motion with the same speed and direction until an unbalanced
external force changes its motion characteristics (friction could slow
it down, or a force could accelerate its motion).
Consider a car accelerating from a stoplight. As the car accelerates from
zero motion, your body tends to push back into the seat due to its inertia
(trying to remain at rest).
Also, as the car is braked from a high speed back to stopping, your body
if flung forward due to its inertia in motion.
Second Law of Motion (Law of Force and
Acceleration)
Second law states that the change in momentum of a body is equal to
the magnitude and direction of force acting upon it. He further added
that force is the product of the mass of an object and its acceleration.

A resultant force F acting on a body will accelerate that body in the


direction of F, with acceleration

Acceleration is the second time rate of change of position, also the first
time rate of change of velocity; acceleration is to velocity what velocity
is to position.
Greater force is needed to move an object that is heavy.
Force is directly proportional to the acceleration and indirectly
proportional to the mass.
Third Law of Motion (law of interaction)
Third law also known as the law of interaction states that when
two bodies interact, both will apply equal amount of forces to one
another in the opposite direction.

A force cannot be applied to an object unless something resists the


reaction of that force.
The jumping force of the human on the boat will tend to push the boat
backwards; the equal and opposite force of the boat on the human will
propel that person towards the dock, but since the boat moves
backwards, the person may end up wet.
The same problem exist for large sailboats, except with larger boat
inertia, it is less noticeable.
COMPARE and CONTRAST their assertions
regarding vertical motion, horizontal motion, and
projectile motion by completing the table below.
Concept Aristotle Similarities Galileo
VERTICAL
MOTION

HORIZONTAL
MOTION
PROJECTILE
MOTION
COMPARE and CONTRAST their assertions
regarding vertical motion, horizontal motion, and
projectile motion by completing the table below.
Concept Aristotle Similarities Galileo
VERTICAL the velocity of a gravitational if two objects of
MOTION body is inversely force acts on all different weight
proportional to bodies. are dropped
the time it covers from a height
to travel certain both of them
height will hit the
ground at the
same time.
Concept Aristotle Similarities Galileo
HORIZONTAL Bodies require Force acts a There is no need
MOTION force to maintain factor causing a to apply force
horizontal body to move. for it to
motion continuously
move.
PROJECTILE Antiperistalsis is Both considers Projectiles
MOTION the resistance of the effect of follow a curved
a medium in body interacting path with a
response to the with medium horizontal and
movement of a (antiperistalsis vertical
body. and friction) component.
upon traveling a
trajectory.

You might also like