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Lecture 2

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11 views

Lecture 2

Uploaded by

mudassarrafaqat2020
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operations and Components of

Computer System

By: Sahar Arooj


What are Computers
• A computer is a machine that, under a
program’s direction and control, performs
four basic operations:
– Input
– Processing
– Output
– Storage
Information life cycle
• Input:
– The computer accepts the data that has been represented in a way the
computer can use
– “The term data refers to unorganized raw material”
• Processing:
– The computer performs arithmetic or logical operations on the
represented data
• Storage:
– The computer saves the result so that they can be used again
• Output:
– The computer can show the result of processing in a way people can
understand
– “The processed data becomes information”.
Information life cycle
Computer Systems
• A computer system is a collection of related
components that have all been designed to
work together smoothly. It includes:
• Hardware : physical components of computer,
including the computer itself and matched
peripherals
• Software : Programs that run on computer
Computer Components
Physical components of computer
Input Devices
• Input devices enable user to get data into the
computer for processing.
• Input devices also used to give a command.
• Keyboard
– Input type : character, numeric, alphanumeric and
special functions
• Mouse
– Input type : pointing, cursor movement, special functions
• Microphone
– Input type : voice, spoken commands
Input Devices
Output Devices
• Output devices shows the result of processing
operations.
• Monitor
– Output type : CRT, LCD or LED display
• Speakers
– Output type : Sounds, Speech
• Printers
– Output type (on Paper) : Inkjet, laser
Output Devices
Input Output Devices
• Some devices are input and output
– Touch screens
Processing Device
• Processing device is called “Central Processing Unit
(CPU)” located in a case called System Unit
• Now a days, computers has mini CPU called micro-
processor or processor consist of an electronic chip
• System unit contains additional components along
with central processing unit :
– Motherboard
– Memory
– Buses
– Expansion slots
Processing Devices
• What are Control Unit and ALU?
– The arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) contains the
electronic circuitry that executes all arithmetic and
logical operations.
– The control unit (CU) of the CPU contains circuitry
that uses electrical signals to direct the entire
computer system to carry out, or execute, stored
program instructions
Memory Devices

• Stores data or programs


• Random Access Memory (RAM)
– Volatile Memory
– Stores current data and programs
– More RAM results in a faster system
• Read Only Memory (ROM)
– Non Volatile Memory
– Permanent storage of programs
– Holds the computer boot directions
• Secondary Memory
• Cache
• Storage devices hold data permanently, all of
programs and data that computer system uses.
• Magnetic Storage
– Magnetic disk or magnetic tapes
– Stores data encoded magnetically
• Optical Storage
– CDs, DVDs
– Stores data in form of microscopic pits that are etched
into the surface of a disc
– Uses a laser to access data
Storage media vs. Storage Devices
• Storage media
– Physical material on which data, instructions, and
information are stored
• Storage device
– Records and retrieves items to and from storage
media
Communication Devices
• Communication devices are used to move data
between computers
• Communication devices enable computers to
connect to computer networks
• Bus is use for computer components internal
communication
• “Modem
– NIC (Network Interface Card) or network connector
– Wifi Cards

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