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Lecture-2 Bone Marrow Structure and Functions

The document discusses bone marrow, which is soft tissue in bones that produces blood cells. It has two compartments and contains blood vessels, fat cells, and hematopoietic cells that mature into red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. The document describes the structure and functions of bone marrow in producing and releasing blood cells to meet the body's needs.

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74 views14 pages

Lecture-2 Bone Marrow Structure and Functions

The document discusses bone marrow, which is soft tissue in bones that produces blood cells. It has two compartments and contains blood vessels, fat cells, and hematopoietic cells that mature into red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. The document describes the structure and functions of bone marrow in producing and releasing blood cells to meet the body's needs.

Uploaded by

adnanreshun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BONE MARROW

Awal Mir Khattak


Demonstrator MLT

B.Sc. MLT Baqai Medical University Karachi


M.Sc. Hematology Baqai Medical University Karachi
M.Phil. Medical Lab Sciences, The University of Haripur
BONE MARROW
• Bone marrow is the soft pulpy tissue present in
trabeculae of spongy bone.
• It is one of the largest hematopoietic organs of the
body.
• It is composed of two major compartments: the
vascular and the endosteal.
• The vascular compartment is composed of the bone
marrow arteries and veins, stromal cells, and HSC.
• The endosteal is primary site of bone remodeling but
also contains HSC.
BONE MARROW
Red marrow is hematopoietic active marrow, composed
of blood vessels, some fat cells (lipocytes) and large
number of mature, immature and primitive
hematopoietic cells. Found in flat bones i.e. hip bone,
sternum, skull, ribs, vertebrae, scapula and ends of the
longs bones (femur and humerus).
Yellow or fatty marrow is not actively engaged in the
formation of blood. In long bones red marrow is
replaced by yellow marrow. Yellow color is due to most
of the capillaries become closed in yellow marrow and
low O2 oxygen supply lead to low activity.
BONE MARROW STRUCTURE
• Vascular compartment is composed of periosteal artery,
Central vein, Nutrient artery, Periosteal capillaries and
bone marrow sinuses.
• The inner lining of cortical bon is called edosteum. It is
lined by single reticular endothelial cells layer.
• Stroma is supporting tissue in vascular compartment.
• Stromal cellular components also provide cytokines that
regulate hematopoiesis.
• Stroma is composed of main three type of cells
macrophages, reticular cells (fibroblasts), and Adipocytes
(fat cells).
BONE MARROW STRUCTURE
BONE MARROW STRUCTURE
BONE MARROW STRUCTURE
• Macrophages have two major function in marrow
phagocytosis and secretion of hematopoietic cytokines.
• Reticular cells located adjacent to sinuses. This cells
produce reticular fibers which maintain the three
dimensional supporting network of sinuses and abundant
source of CXCL12 (SDF-1), which is critical for maintaining
an HSC pool in the marrow.
• Reticular cells can be visualized under microscope when
stain it with silver staining.
• Adipocytes are cells whose cytoplasm is largely replaced
with a single fat vacuole.
BONE MARROW STRUCTURE
• Adipocytes mechanically control the volume of bone
marrow in which active hematopoiesis takes place.
• Also provide steroids and other cytokines that influence
hematopoiesis.
• Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are found in the endosteum.
• Osteoblasts is resemble to plasma cell in structure
involved in formation of calcified bones.
• Osteoclasts is macrophages of bone marrow resemble to
megakaryocytes.
BONE MARROW STRUCTURE
• Hematopoietic cells
• Erythroblast constitute 25-30 % of marrow cells located
near to venous sinuses.
• Erythroblastic Iceland is composed of a macrophage
surrounded by different maturation stages erythroblast.
• Myeloblasts (Granulocytes) located near to trabeculae
and arterioles and distinct from venous sinuses.
• Megakaryocytes is largest one cells of marrow and
located adjacent to the vascular sinus.
• Lymphocytes are normally produced in lymphoid
aggregates located near to arterioles.
FUNCTIONS BONE MARROW
• Primary function of the bone marrow is to produce red
cells, white cells and platelets.
• This procedure can be divided into three phases

 Blood cells formation


 Cellular release
 Bone marrow reserves
FUNCTIONS BONE MARROW
• Blood cells formation

• All forms of blood cells are derived from a single


hematopoietic stem cell called pluripotent hematopoietic
stem cell.
• Each cell has to pass through various stages of division
and maturation in order to become a mature and
functional blood cells .
FUNCTIONS BONE MARROW
• Cellular Release

• In the bone marrow, cells are produced in the extra


vascular compartment.
• When mature, they enter the sinusoids through a
‘migration pore” in the endothelial cells of the sinusoid.
• Release of cells from the bone marrow is controlled by a
cellular maturity, cellular demand and bone marrow
architecture.
FUNCTIONS BONE MARROW
• Bone marrow reserves
• The term bone marrow reserve stands for the ability and
the capacity of the bone marrow to meet the
hematopoietic requirements of the body in times of
stress.
• Normally, the daily loss of red cells, granulocytes and
platelets from the circulation is balanced by their
production in the bone marrow.
• Whenever there is an increased demand for any of these
cells, marrow responds appropriately by delivering more
of those cells in the peripheral blood.
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