i s c r e t e P r oba bi l i t y

Va r i a nc e of a D
Distr i bu t i o n
 Introduction
Compute the variance of this
frequency distribution.
SCORE NUMBER OF
STUDENTS
5 3
8 5
10 4
12 5
15 4
Step 1 : Compute the mean by using the formula
Step 2 : Subtract the mean from each score. Square the results.
Step 3 : Multiply the results by the corresponding frequency. Add the results in the column
Step 4 : Compute the variance using the formula
 Number of Cars Sold
The number of cars sold per day at a local car dealership, along wit its
corresponding probabilities, is shown in the succeeding table. Compute the
variance and the standard deviation of the probability distribution by the following
the given steps.
SCORE NUMBER OF STUDENTS

0 1/10
1 2/10
2 3/10
3 2/10
4 2/10

Step 1 : Compute the mean by using the formula

Step 2 : Subtract the mean from each value of the random variable X.
Step 3 : Square the results obtained in Step 2.
Step 4 : Multiply the results obtained in Step 3 by the corresponding probability.
Step 5 : Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 4
 Number of Cars Sold
NUMBER OF
SCORE
CARS
X
P(X)
0 1/10 𝟎 −𝟐 . 𝟐 4.𝟖𝟒 .4 𝟖𝟒
𝟐
1 2/10
𝟏𝟎 −𝟏 . 𝟐 𝟏 . 𝟒𝟒 𝟎 . 𝟐𝟖𝟖
2 3/10 𝟔
𝟏𝟎 −𝟎 . 𝟐 𝟎 . 𝟎𝟒 𝟎 . 𝟎𝟏𝟐
3 2/10 𝟔
𝟏𝟎
𝟎.𝟖 𝟎 . 𝟔𝟒 8
4 2/10 𝟖
𝟏𝟎
1 𝟑 . 𝟐𝟒 𝟎 . 𝟔𝟒𝟖
Step 1 : Compute the mean by using the formula
Step 2 : Subtract the mean from each value of the random variable X.
Step 3 : Square the results obtained in Step 2.
Step 4 : Multiply the results obtained in Step 3 by the corresponding probability.
Step 5 : Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 4
Formula for the Variance and Standard Deviation of a Discrete
Probability Distribution
2 2
𝜎 =Σ ( 𝑋 − 𝑋 ) ∙ 𝑃 ( 𝑋 )

𝜎 = √¿ ¿
value of the random variable
probability of the random variable X
mean of the probability distribution
Alternative Procedure in Finding the
Variance and Standard Deviation
Step 1 : Find the mean of the probability
Step 2 : Multiply the square of the value of the
random variable X by its corresponding probability.
Step 3 : Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 2
Step 4 : Subtract the mean from the results obtained
in step 3
 SCORE NUMBER OF CARS
X P(X)

0 1/10 𝟎
1 2/10 𝟐
𝟏𝟎
2 3/10 𝟔
𝟏𝟎
3 2/10 𝟔
𝟏𝟎
4 2/10 𝟖
𝟏𝟎

2
𝜎 =¿

= √¿ ¿
 Number of Heads
When three coins are tossed, the probability distribution for the
random variable X representing the number of heads that occur is
given below. Compute the variance and standard deviation of the
probability distribution.
Number of Heads X Probability P(X)

0 1/8
1 3/8
2 3/8
3 1/8
Seatwork no. 1
1. Find the mean of the probability distribution of the random variable X,
which can take only the values 1, 2, and 3, given that .
2. Find the mean of the probability distribution of the random variable X,
which can take only the values 2, 4, 5, and 9, given that P(2)=
3. The probabilities of a machine manufacturing 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5
defectives parts in one day are 0.75, 0.17, 0.04, 0.025, 0.01, and
0.005, respectively . Find the mean of the probability
The Four Essential Processes in
Statistics are as Follows:

1. COLLECTING OF DATA
2. ORGANIZATION AND PRESENTATION OF DATA
3. ANALYSIS OF DATA
4. INTERPRETATION OF DATA
 Inferential
Aims to infer or to make Measures commonly used in
interpretation by making a inferential statistics include analysis
concluding statement about the of variance, t-test, Chi-square test,
population based on the result derived correlation and regression analysis
from a data set.
The Four Essential Processes in
Statistics are as Follows:
COLLECTING OF DATA
• What is useful and needed
• Where to get information, and
• How to get information.
The Four Essential Processes in
Statistics are as Follows:
ORGANIZATION AND PRESENTATION OF DATA
• Collecting
• Classifying and Arranging
• Presenting data gathered in preparation to its
analysis
The Four Essential Processes in
Statistics are as Follows:
ANALYSIS OF DATA
• Comparison and contrast
• Description
• Statistical measurement to produce numerical
values and qualitative summary.
The Four Essential Processes in
Statistics are as Follows:
Interpretation of Data
• Generalizing
• Forecasting
• Recommending solutions and interventions about
the study.
 DATA
IS A BODY OF INFORMATION OR OBSERVATIONS BEING
CONSIDERED BY THE RESEARCHER.
 VARIABLE
USED TO DEFINE CERTAIN OBSERVABLE VALUES OR
CHARACTERISTICS.
 Three Different Ways of
Classifying Data

A. According to Nature
B. According to Source
C. According to Arrangement
 c ordi ng t o N a t ure
Ac
Quantitative or numerical data
• Those obtained from variables which are in the form of
numbers, e.g., age, height, weight, amount.
Qualitative or categorical data
• Those obtained from variables which are in the form of
categories, characteristics, names or labels, e.g., gender,
socio-economic status, civil status
 c ordi ng t o S ou rc e
Ac

Primary Data
• Are first-hand information
Secondary Data
• Are second-hand information
 A c c or di ng t o
A rr a ng e m e n t
Ungrouped Data
• Are the data without any specific order or
arrangement.
Grouped Data
• Are data arranged or tabulated and presented in
an organized manner.
Quantitative Data can be Further Classified
According to Measurement
Discrete Data
• Are those obtained from counting process where data are whole
numbers, e.g., household size, number of cans of sardines
produced.
Continuous Data
• Are those obtained through the measuring process where data
are values that may be decimals or fractions, e.g., inflation rate,
weight in kilograms.
Four Scales of Data Measurement
Interval Scale
• Set of interval data are consistent and meaningful, but it does not
involve a true zero point.
• Indicates an actual amount

Ratio Scale
• There is true zero and multiplication and division of
measurements can be performed. Examples are height and
weight. Order and difference can be described.
 PROMOTIONS
GIVEAWAYS DISCOUNTS

CONTESTS

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SWEEPSTAKES
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WARNER & SPENCER MARCH 2023

 CONCLUSION
SUMMARIZE THE KEY POINTS OF THE PRESENTATION

We are confident that our marketing strategy will result in a

successful launch for our new product. By targeting our ideal
audience through strategic channels and highlighting our unique
features and benefits, we believe we can establish ourselves as
a top player in the market.

WARNER & SPENCER MARCH 2023