GOOD
MORNING!
GOOD
AFTERNOON!
ROLL AND FIX!
ROLL AND FIX!
NORM
MLAO
AL
RN
ROLL AND FIX!
DISTRIBU
DSIRTIUT
TION
ONIT
ROLL AND FIX!
RAEA
AREA
ROLL AND FIX!
PROBABIL
ROPABIT
ITY
LYIB
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UVRC
CURVE
E
ROLL AND FIX!
PROPERT
PERPOR
IES
SITE
Properties of a Normal
Distribution
RANDOM VARIABLE Areas Under Normal Curve
Normal Distributions Curve used as
Probability Distribution Curve
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to;
illustrate a normal random variable identify regions under the normal curve
and its characteristics corresponding to different standard normal
values.
convert a normal random variable to
a standard normal variable and vice compute probabilities and
versa percentiles using the standard
normal table
INTRODUCTIO
N
In this chapter, we will learn the importance and
use of continuous random variables and their
probability distributions in calculating normal
probability distributions needed in statistical
reference.
PROPERTIES OF A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
• The curve of a normal distribution is bell-shaped. The curve is a
symmetric distribution since the data are evenly distributed
about the mean forming equivalent or same shapes in both sides
of a vertical line passing through its center.
• Mean, median, and mode of the normal distribution are all
located and coinciding at its center.
• The tail ends extended indefinitely on both sides, but do not meet
the x-axis, although they get increasingly closer. This means that
the tail ends are asymptotic to the base line.
• The area under the normal curve represents the total population.
Hence, the total area under the normal curve is 100% or 1.00. each
half side area measures 50% or 0.50.
EMPIRICAL RULE FOR NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
• Approximately 34% will lie between the mean and 1 standard
deviation above the mean and 34% will lie between the mean
and 1 standard deviation below the mean.
• Approximately 47.5% will lie between the mean and 2
standard deviations above the mean, and 47.5% will lie
between the mean and 2 standard deviations below the mean.
• Approximately 49.5% will lie between the mean and 3
standard deviations above the mean, and 49.5% will lie
between the mean and 3 standard deviations below the mean.
EXAMPLES Approximately what percent of the score is
1. Below 60
Mean = 60
Standard Deviation = 5 = 50%
2. Between 50 and 70
¿ 13.5 % +34 %+ 34 % +13.5 %
= 95%
3. Between 60 and 65
= 34%
4. Greater than 65
= 50% - 34%
= 16%
5. Between 70 and 75
= 2.35%
6. Between 55 and 75
¿ 34 %+ 34 % +13.5 % +2.35 %
= 83.85%
To find the values of areas of all normally
distributed variables, we transform it first
into standard normally distributed variable
AREAS UNDER
by using the formula
NORMAL CURVE
Where is the value of the variable;
the mean; and s, the standard deviation.
EXAMPLES
1. Between
𝐴=0.4382𝑜𝑟 43.82%
2. Between
𝐴=0.4830𝑜𝑟 48.30%
3. Between
𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟎𝟔𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟑𝟓
𝑨=𝟎 . 𝟒𝟗𝟎𝟔− 𝟎 . 𝟒𝟓𝟑𝟓
𝑨=𝟎 . 𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟏 𝒐𝒓 𝟗𝟒 . 𝟒𝟏 %
4. Between
𝑨=𝟎 . 𝟒𝟗𝟑𝟖 − 𝟎 . 𝟒𝟑𝟓𝟕
𝑨=𝟎 . 𝟓𝟖𝟏 𝒐𝒓 𝟓 .𝟖𝟏
𝟎 . 𝟒𝟑𝟓𝟕
𝟎 . 𝟒𝟗𝟑𝟖
5. To the right of
𝑨=𝟎 . 𝟒𝟎𝟒𝟗 +𝟎 . 𝟓𝟎
𝑨=𝟎 . 𝟗𝟎𝟗𝟒 𝒐𝒓 𝟗𝟎 . 𝟗𝟒
𝟎 . 𝟒𝟎𝟒𝟗
6. To the right of
𝑨=𝟎 . 𝟓𝟎 −𝟎 . 𝟒𝟔𝟐𝟓
𝑨=𝟎 . 𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝒐𝒓 𝟑 . 𝟕𝟓 %
𝟎 . 𝟒𝟔𝟐𝟓
The area under normally distributed variables can be used for
calculating probabilities.
• denotes the probability that the z-
score is between a and b.
• denotes the probability that the z- NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
score is greater than a. CURVE USED AS
• denoted the probability that the z- PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION CURVE
score is less than a.
EXAMPLES
1. Find the probability of
2. Find the probability of
3. Find the probability of
4. Find the probability of
Pr ( 0< 𝑧 <2.45 ) −(0< 𝑧 <1.80
¿ 0.4929 − 0.3599
¿ 0.1530 𝑜𝑟 15.30 %
APPLICATIONS OF NORMAL CURVE
1. 800 students took an examination in Statistics. The mean score
obtained is 80% and the standard deviation is 6%. Assuming
that the data are normally distributed, find the percentage of and
the number of students who obtained:
a. 83% or higher
b. 75% to 86%
c. 87% to 93%
Solutions
a. 83% or higher
1. Draw the figure and represent the area, as follows:
2. Find the z score corresponding to 83%.
Hence, 83% is 0.50 standard deviation from the mean of 80.
3. The area from 0 to 0.50 in Table 1 is 0.1915. Subtract this area from
0.5000, which represents 50% of the total area of the curve,
0.5000 – 0.1915 = 0.3085 or 30.85%. Hence, the probability
or 30.85%
Therefore, 30.85% of the students obtained 83% or higher, and
the number of students who obtained 83% or higher is 0.3085 x
800 students = 247 (rounded to whole number) students.
Solutions
b. For 75% to 86%
1. Draw the figure and represent the area.
2. Find the z values corresponding to 75% and 86%.
Therefore, 75% is -0.83 standard deviation below the mean and 86% is 1.00
standard deviation above the mean.
3. The area from -0.83 to 0.2967 and the area from 0 to 1.00 is 0.3413.
Add the areas to obtain the value of
Hence, 0.6380 or 63.80% of the students got 75% to 86%.
There are 510 students who got 75% to 86% calculated, as
follows:
c. For 87% to 93%
1. Draw the figure covering the 87% to 93% of the area.
2. Find the z-score corresponding to 87% and 93%.
Hence, 87% is 1.17 standard deviation above the mean and 93% is
2.17 standard deviation above the mean. The figure showing the area
from 1.17 to 2.17 standard deviations above the mean is shown above.
3. The area from 0 to 2.17 is 0.4850 and the area from 0 to 1.17 is 0.3790.
Subtract 0.3790 from 0.4880, we obtain the value of the probability
Hence, the percentage of students who obtained 87% to 93% is 10.60%
Approximately 85 of the students obtained 87% to 93%, calculated as
follows: 0.1060 x 800 = 84.8 or 85 students (rounded to whole number)
TRY THIS!
I. Find the Area under the Normal Curve
1. To the left of
2. To the right of
3. To the right of
4. Between
5. Between
TRY THIS!
II. Find the probability of the following
1.
2.
3.
TRY THIS!
III. Applications of Normal Curve
1. In a job fair sponsored by the 3 big
companies, 2500 applicants applied for a job.
Their mean age was found to be 35 with a
standard deviation of 5 years. What is the
probability of the job applicant who is below
33 years old?
VALUING
REFLECTION
I understand that normal distribution is
____________________.
I realize that normal distribution is
________________________.
THANK YOU
