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1.3 Introduction To Data Preprocessing

This chapter introduces the key concepts of data preprocessing including data cleaning, integration, transformation, and reduction. It discusses techniques for handling missing data, encoding categorical variables, feature engineering, dimensionality reduction, and feature selection to prepare data for analysis.

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Đạt Nguyễn
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
6 views

1.3 Introduction To Data Preprocessing

This chapter introduces the key concepts of data preprocessing including data cleaning, integration, transformation, and reduction. It discusses techniques for handling missing data, encoding categorical variables, feature engineering, dimensionality reduction, and feature selection to prepare data for analysis.

Uploaded by

Đạt Nguyễn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1:

Introduction to Data Preprocessing


Introduction to Data Preprocessing
Objective
● Data preprocessing is a fundamental step in data mining.
● It involves cleaning, integration, transformation, and reduction of data.
● Data preprocessing is essential for improving data quality and analysis
outcomes.
● This presentation will delve into each aspect of data preprocessing in detail.

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Introduction to Data Preprocessing
Data Preprocessing
● The necessity of data preprocessing and
techniques for achieving clean and
usable data.
● Data Preprocessing:
○ Enhancing data quality and utility
before analysis.
○ Essential for accurate and
meaningful results.

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Introduction to Data Preprocessing
Data Cleaning
● Data cleaning involves identifying and rectifying errors and inconsistencies in
the dataset.
● Key Tasks:
○ Handling missing values.
○ Correcting inaccuracies.
○ Handling duplicate records.
○ Effective data cleaning improves data reliability.

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Introduction to Data Preprocessing
Data Integration
● Data integration combines data from multiple sources into a unified format.
● Challenges:
○ Data format disparities.
○ Data redundancy.
● Benefits:
○ Comprehensive analysis.
○ Improved decision-making.
○ Data integration streamlines data utilization.

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Introduction to Data Preprocessing
Data Transformation
● Data transformation modifies the data format or structure to suit analysis
requirements.
● Normalization:
○ Scales attributes to a standard range.
○ Ensures equal importance to all attributes.
● Attribute Construction:
○ Creating new attributes from existing ones.
○ Data transformation enhances analysis accuracy.

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Introduction to Data Preprocessing
Data Reduction
● Data reduction minimizes data volume while preserving essential information.
● Dimensionality Reduction:
○ Reduces the number of attributes while retaining meaningful patterns.
● Numerosity Reduction:
○ Summarizes data by creating representative prototypes.
○ Data reduction enhances analysis efficiency.

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Introduction to Data Preprocessing
Handling Missing Data
● Dealing with missing data is a crucial aspect of data preprocessing.
● Various strategies exist for addressing missing values.
● Imputation methods, such as mean, median, and advanced techniques like K-
Nearest Neighbors, are commonly used.
● Effective handling of missing data ensures the completeness and accuracy of the
dataset.

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Introduction to Data Preprocessing
Data Integration Techniques
● Data integration involves combining data from multiple sources into a unified
dataset.
● Schema matching and mapping are crucial for resolving data structure
differences.
● Data fusion methods help consolidate information from various sources.
● Resolving data conflicts ensures data consistency and accuracy in integrated
datasets.

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Introduction to Data Preprocessing
Normalization and Scaling
● Normalization and scaling are essential data transformation techniques.
● Normalization adjusts data values to a common scale, often between 0 and 1.
● Scaling techniques, such as Min-Max Scaling and Z-score normalization, make
data comparable.
● Proper scaling ensures that features have similar influence in data analysis and
modeling.

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Introduction to Data Preprocessing
Encoding Categorical Data
● Handling categorical data is a critical part of data preprocessing.
● Categorical data includes non-numeric variables like labels or categories.
● Common encoding methods include one-hot encoding and label encoding.
● The choice of encoding method depends on the nature of the data and the
modeling technique used.

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Introduction to Data Preprocessing
Feature Engineering
● Feature engineering is the process of creating new features or modifying
existing ones.
● It aims to enhance the predictive power of the dataset.
● Feature engineering involves domain knowledge and creativity.
● Properly engineered features can improve model performance and uncover
hidden patterns.

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Introduction to Data Preprocessing
Dimensionality Reduction
● Dimensionality reduction is a critical data reduction technique.
● It focuses on reducing the number of features while retaining essential
information.
● Common methods include Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and t-
Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE).
● Dimensionality reduction enhances efficiency, visualization, and model
performance.

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Introduction to Data Preprocessing
Feature Selection
● Feature selection is the process of choosing the most relevant features for
analysis.
● It reduces dimensionality by eliminating irrelevant or redundant attributes.
● Methods include filter, wrapper, and embedded approaches.
● Proper feature selection improves model interpretability and efficiency.

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Introduction to Data Preprocessing
Benefits of Data Preprocessing
● Data preprocessing offers several advantages:
● Improved Model Performance
● Reduced Overfitting
● Enhanced Interpretability
● Savings in Time and Resources
● Effective preprocessing is key to achieving high-quality results in data analysis
and modeling.

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Introduction to Data Preprocessing
Summary
● Data Preprocessing Steps: Data Cleaning, Integration, Transformation,
Reduction
● Role of each step in High-Quality Data Analysis

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