Mobile Application Development

Unit- 1

Miss.Harshika Dehariya
Computer Department
 Mobile Operating Systems
• A mobile OS is an operating system for smartphones, tablets, PDAs, or other mobile devices.
• Mobile OSs combine features of a personal computer OS with other features useful for mobile or
handheld use; usually including, and most of the following considered essential in modern mobile
systems;
• touchscreen, cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS mobile navigation, camera, video camera, speech
recognition, voice recorder, music player, etc.
Some Current software platforms
• Android (based on the Linux Kernel) is from Google Inc.
• CyanogenMod and Cyanogen OS are based on the open source Android Open Source
Project(AOSP).
• Fire OS is an operating system launched by Amazon based on Google's AOSP.
• iOS (previously known as iPhone OS) is from Apple Inc.
• Windows Phone (Soon to be Windows 10 Mobile) is from Microsoft.
• BlackBerry 10 (based on the QNX OS) is from BlackBerry.
• Firefox OS is from Mozilla.
 Introduction to Android
• Android is an OS based on Linux with a Java programming interface. It is a comprehensive open
source platform designed for mobile devices.
• First beta version of Android Software Development Kit (SDK) was released by Google in 2007 where
as first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008.
Features of Android
• Beautiful UI, Connectivity, Storage, Media support, Messaging, Web browser, Multi-touch, Multi-
tasking, Resizable widgets, Multi-Language, GCM, Wi-Fi Direct, Android Beam
Android Applications
• Android applications are usually developed in the Java language using the Android Software
Development Kit.
• Once developed, Android applications can be packaged easily and sold out either through a store
such as Google Play, SlideME, Opera Mobile Store, Mobango, F-droid and the Amazon Appstore.
 Open Handset Alliance
 The Open Handset Alliance (OHA) is a business alliance that was created for the purpose of developing open
mobile device standards.
 The OHA has approximately 80 member companies, including HTC, Dell, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm and Google.
 The OHA’s main product is the Android platform – the world’s most popular smartphone platform.
 It was established on 5th November, 2007, led by Google. It is committed to advance open standards, provide
services and deploy handsets using the Android Platform.
OHA MEMBER COMPANIES BACK THE OPEN PLATFORM CONCEPT
FOR A NUMBER OF REASONS, AS FOLLOWS:

Lower overall handset costs: opens up resources, which facilitates the focus on creating innovative
applications, solutions and services.
Developer-friendly environment: in the open-source community, developers share notes to expedite
application development.
Post-development: provides an ideal channel for application marketing and distribution.
FEATURES OF ANDROID

1) it is open-source.
2) anyone can customize the android platform.
) There are a lot of mobile applications that can be chosen by the consumer.
4) it provides many interesting features like weather details, opening screen, live RSS
(really simple syndication) feeds etc.
It provides support for messaging services(sms and MMS), web browser, storage (sqlite),
connectivity (GSM, CDMA, blue tooth, wi-fi etc.), Media, handset layout etc.
CATEGORIES OF ANDROID APPLICATIONS

ENTERTAINMENT
TOOLS
COMMUNICATION
PRODUCTIVITY
PERSONALIZATION
MUSIC AND AUDIO
SOCIAL
MEDIA AND VIDEO
TRAVEL AND LOCAL ETC.
NEED OF ANDROID:

1. Android market
2.Customization
3. Android community
4. Rooting
5. Powerful development framework
6. Global partnerships and large installed base
 Introduction to Android
History of Android
• The code names of android ranges from A to L currently, such as Aestro, Blender, etc…

Categories of Android applications

The android architecture contains a different number of components to support any android device needs. Android software
contains an open-source linux kernel with many C/C++ libraries exposed through application framework services. An
android operating system is a stack of software components roughly divided into five sections and four main layers, as
shown in the below architecture diagram.
1.Applications
2.application framework
3.android runtime
4.platform libraries
5.linux kernel
1. APPLICATIONS
1. An application is the top layer of the android architecture.
2. The pre-installed applications like camera, gallery, home, contacts, etc., and third-
party applications downloaded from the play store like games, chat applications,
etc., will be installed on this layer.
3. It runs within the Android run time with the help of the classes and services provided
by the application framework.
 APPLICATION FRAMEWORK
1. It provides a generic abstraction for hardware access and helps in managing the user interface
with application resources.
2. It provides the services with the help of which we can create a particular class and make that
class helpful for the Applications creation.
3. It includes different types of services, such as activity manager, notification manager, view
system, package manager etc., which are helpful for the development of our application
according to the prerequisite
The Android framework includes the following key services:
Activity Manager: Controls all aspects of the application lifecycle and activity stack.
Content Providers: Allows applications to publish and share data with other applications.
Resource Manager: Provides access to non-code embedded resources such as strings, colour
settings and user interface layouts.
Notifications Manager: Allows applications to display alerts and notifications to the user.
View System: An extensible set of views used to create application user interfaces.
ANDROID RUNTIME
1. Android Runtime environment contains components like core libraries and the Dalvik virtual
machine (DVM).
2. The core libraries enable us to implement android applications using the
standard JAVA or Kotlin programming languages.
3. It provides the base for the application framework and powers our application with the help
of the core libraries.
PLATFORM LIBRARIES
The Platform Libraries include various C/C++ core libraries and Java-based libraries such as Media, Graphics, Surface
Manager, OpenGL, etc., to support Application development.
app: Provides access to the application model and is the cornerstone of all Android applications.
content: Facilitates content access, publishing and messaging between applications and application components.
database: Used to access data published by content providers and includes SQLite database, management classes.
OpenGL: A Java interface to the OpenGL ES 3D graphics rendering API.
os: Provides applications with access to standard operating system services, including messages, system services and
inter-process communication.
text: Used to render and manipulate text on a device display.
view: The fundamental building blocks of application user interfaces.
widget: A rich collection of pre-built user interface components such as buttons, labels, list views, layout managers, radio
buttons etc.
WebKit: A set of classes intended to allow web-browsing capabilities to be built into applications.
media: Media library provides support to play and record an audio and video format.
surface manager: It is responsible for managing access to the display subsystem.
SQLite: It provides database support, and FreeType provides font support.
SSL: Secure Sockets Layer is a security technology to establish an encrypted link between a web server and a web
browser.
LINUX KERNEL

The Linux Kernel will provide an abstraction layer between the device hardware and the other
android architecture components. It is responsible for the management of memory, power,
devices etc. The features of the Linux kernel are:
Security: The Linux kernel handles the security between the application and the system.
Memory Management: It efficiently handles memory management, thereby providing the
freedom to develop our apps.
Process Management: It manages the process well, allocates resources to processes whenever
they need them.
Network Stack: It effectively handles network communication.
Driver Model: It ensures that the application works properly on the device and hardware
manufacturers responsible for building their drivers into the Linux build.
ANDROID APPLICATIONS

Android applications are usually developed in the Java language using the Android Software
Development Kit.
Once developed, Android applications can be packaged easily and sold out either through a store
such as Google Play, SlideME, Opera Mobile Store, Mobango, F-droid or the Amazon
Appstore.
ANDROID ECOSYSTEM

 Android Ecosystem is nothing but the relationship between users, developers, and
equipment makers.
 It is the manual dependence between users, developers, equipment makers.
 They are dependent on each other so one cannot exist without the other.
 The main block of the android ecosystem is:
1.Android User
2.Developer
3.Equipment Maker
1. ANDROID USER (USERS BUY HANDSETS AND SOFTWARE
APPLICATION):

• Android users have more space for customizability of their android devices.
• Android users are smarter than other users and they are perceived to have greater
levels of support.
• Android users are also more likely to prefer saving their money and love the
openness of the platform also they like to customize their device.
• Android users are fancier to prefer saving money and also android user like
customizing their android handset/device
DEVELOPERS (SELL APPLICATION)

Following are some tasks where an android developer can play his role in the
development of android apps:
1. Design and build advanced applications for the android platform
2. Collaborate with development teams to design and deliver new cool features.
3. Troubleshoot and fix bugs in new and existing applications for Users.
4. Evaluate and implement new development tools to work with outside data sources
and APIs.
EQUIPMENT MAKER:

Android equipments are available in the market in a huge amount.

Smart watches: handheld, wearable device that are closely related with wristwatch or
other time device.
Smart TV: An Android TV box is a small computer that plugs into any TV and gives the
user the ability to stream content, locally and online.
Smart Speakers: Smart speakers like Google Home, Alexa. We can control our android
device via voice using these smart speakers.
E-Reader: E-Reader is a device used for reading e-books, digital newspapers, other
reading stuff.