Untitled Presentation3
Untitled Presentation3
Untitled Presentation3
ELE 213
2021 – 2022 , FIRST SEMESTER
TWO-PORT NETWORKS
• A two-port network is an electrical network
having two pair of terminals to connect to an
external circuit (e.g. Transformer).
• The one pair at the input is called input port and
other pair at output is called the output port.
TWO-PORT NETWORKS
• Two-port network representation is shown in Fig.
DEFINITIONS
1. Network
An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical
components or a model of such an interconnection, consisting
of electrical elements.
2. Electrical circuit
An electrical circuit is a network consisting of a closed loop,
giving a return path for the current.
DEFINITIONS
3. Port:
A port is a pair of terminals through which a current may
enter or leave a network.
4. One-port network
One-port network is a pair-terminal electrical network in
which, current enters through one terminal and leaves
through another terminal.
DEFINITIONS
• Resistors, inductors and capacitors are the examples of one
port network because each one has two terminals.
• One port network representation is shown below.
• In the preceding study we have frequently focused on the behavior of a
circuit at a specified pair of terminals (i.e. one-port networks).
• In analyzing some electrical systems, focusing on two pairs of terminals
is also convenient.
• In particular, this is helpful when a signal is fed into one pair of
terminals and then, after being processed by the system, is extracted at
a second pair of terminals.
• Because the terminal pairs represent the points where signals are either
fed in or extracted, they are referred to as the ports of the system.
• In this chapter, the discussion will be limited to circuits that have
one input and one output port.
• Use of the basic two-port building block is subject to following
restrictions:
1. No energy stored within the circuit
2. No independent sources within the circuit, dependent sources only
are permitted.
3. The current into the port must equal the current out of the port.
4. All external connections must be made to either the input port or the
• The two-port network model is used in circuit analysis to isolate
portions of larger circuits.
• A two-port network is regarded as a black box with its properties
specified by a matrix of numbers.
• This allows the response of the network to signals applied to the ports
to be calculated easily, without solving for all the internal voltages and
currents in the network.
• The fundamental principle underlying two-port modeling of a system is
that only the terminal variables I1, V1, I2 and V2 are of interest.
• We have no interest in calculating the currents and voltages inside
the circuit.
• Generally, there exist six different models to describe the
relationships between these variables, depending on which two of
the four variables are given and the other two are required.
• Six different models describing the relationships between port
variables can be expressed as follows;
Z-parameters Y-parameters
A-parameters B-parameters
H-parameters G-parameters
IMPEDANCE-PARAMETERS
• Impedance and admittance parameters are commonly used in
the synthesis of filters.
• They are also useful in the design and analysis of impedance-
matching networks and power distribution networks.
• We discuss impedance parameters in this section and
admittance parameters in the next section
• The Z-parameters of a two-port network may be defined by
expressing two port voltages V1 & V2 in terms of two port
currents I1 & I2 as follows:
………………. (1)
• Then,
• To determine Z22 and Z12, we apply a voltage source V2 to the
output port and leave the input port open as in Fig.
• Then,
• Thus,
ADMITTANCE-PARAMETERS
………………. (2)
• By current division,
• To determine Y22 and Y12, short-circuit the input port and connect a
current source I2 to the output port as in Fig.
• The 4 Ω resistor is short-circuited so that the 2 Ω and 8 Ω resistors are
in parallel.
• By current division,