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Lecture3 How To Write A Research Proposal

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40 views17 pages

Lecture3 How To Write A Research Proposal

Uploaded by

agharizwanali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How to Write a Research

Proposal
By

Dr. Sajid Hussain Zahid

1
Research Proposal
 Before conducting research you need clarity of
mind and topic. What do you want to do? How you
are going to conduct it and then why? Three
questions are important to be answered,
 Generally speaking research proposal contains all
key element involved in the research study.
 Good research proposal can convince others what is
the importance of research project.
 It shows seriousness and competency of researcher.
 Good research proposal makes work easy.
 A good research proposal which is concise, clear
and complete. It will never be rejected.
2
Steps for best proposal
Title of research study
 It should be clear, descriptive (imaginative, catchy)
and concise. It should be catchy, informative,
interesting and effective.

 Ambiguity in title or confusion can destroy the image


of your proposal at first stage.

 An attractive title can lead the reader or oblige the


reader to take interest in your proposal.

 A good start is always appreciatable and acceptable.


3
Abstract
 Abstract is a brief summary of approximately 100-
300 words.

 It should provide the complete picture of your work


but in synthesized (combined) form.

 It should have all important information for the


readers.

 It should include main question, theoretical


perspective, the rationale for the study, the hypothesis
(if any), the method and main findings.
4
Introduction
 Main purpose- is to provide the required background or
context for the research proposal.

 It introduced the research problem in the light of


available literature review.

 It must be focused on the research problem and should


frame in an understandable way. There are no hard and
fast rules for construction and framing of research
question and for writing an opening paragraph.

 It depends on the researcher how he/she can visualize


the problem, it involves clear thinking, creativity and
understanding of the issue/problem.

5
Cares for good introduction
 Brief and appropriate historical background is
needed.

 Research questions should be in context of either


a current hot area or older area that is viable.

 Provide the contemporary (latest) context in which


research questions occupies the central stage.

 Every research starts with a question. So, research


questions and objectives must be cleared.

 Introduction starts with statement of research


problem followed by rationale/justification.
6
Elements of Introduction
 Provide the context or background.
 Problem statement (Main purpose of the study)
 Rationale of study clearly state why it is
important and worth doing/significant
 Specific objectives of the study will be written
 To bridge the knowledge gap in existing literature
research questions will be written
 State the hypothesis if any (in exploratory
research hypothesis is missing).
 Specify your research or set the boundaries for
focused research
 Define key concepts. (it is optional)
 Study Limitations
 Delimitations 7
Literature Review
Sometime literature reviews incorporated in
introduction. Some prefer a separate
section/chapter.

 Functions of literature review;

 Ensures that you are not reinventing the wheel,


means your study is new and first.

 Gives credit to earlier researcher or who have


done ground work for this study.

 Explain your understanding of the theoretical,


methodological and research issue of the study.
8
Literature Review
 Demonstrates knowledge of research problem.

 Shows your ability to critically evaluate relevant


literature information.

 Integrate and synthesized the existing literature.

 Provides new theoretical insights or develops a


new model as the conceptual frame work

 Convinces that the study will make a significant


change in the society.
 Mention identified research gaps at the end of
this chapter. 9
Theoretical or Conceptual
Framework
 The theoretical framework provides the rationale for
conducting your research to investigate a particular
research problem
 The theoretical framework is a summary of your
theory regarding a particular problem that is
developed through a review of previous research.
 It identifies a plan for investigation and interpretation
of the findings.

10
Theoretical or Conceptual
Framework
 A conceptual framework is defined as a
network of linked concepts.
 Conceptual framework analysis offers a
procedure of theorization for
building conceptual frameworks based on
grounded theory method.
 Strong conceptual frameworks capture
something real and do this in a way that is
easy to remember and apply.
11
Research Framework

Friday, May 17, 2024 12


Method
 Important section deals with planning to conduct the
research

 Provide work plan and required activities.

 It should contain information for readers to determine


whether methodology is sound.

 Demonstrate that your method is valid and most


suitable

 For empirical studies method section consists of the


following sections
13
Method
 Research Type
 Research Design
 Study Area and Target
Population
 Sample Size
 Sampling Design
 Data Collection Tools
 Analysis Tools
14
Common Mistakes in Proposal Writing

 Failure to provide the proper context to frame the


research questions.
 Failure to limit the boundaries.
 Failure to cite landmark (Innovative) studies.
 Failure to accurately present the theoretical and
empirical contribution of other researchers
 Failure to stay focus on the research questions.
 Failure to persuades and clear argument for the
proposed study.

15
Common Mistakes in Proposal Writing
 Details on minor issues instead of major issues

 No clear scene of direction

 Leave important citations and use incorrect


references.

 In formal Writing.

 Too long or too short.

16
Thank You

17

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