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    Universal Motor and Stepper Motor

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    dallisrinivas14
    Principle of operation of hysteresis motor, Reluctance motor, BLDC motor and Doubly-fed Induction generator.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Universal Motor and Stepper Motor

    Uploaded by

    dallisrinivas14
    15 views8 pages
    Principle of operation of hysteresis motor, Reluctance motor, BLDC motor and Doubly-fed Induction generator.

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    Universal motor and Stepper motor

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Principle of operation of hysteresis motor, Reluctance motor, BLDC motor and Doubly-fed Induction generator.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    15 views8 pages

    Universal Motor and Stepper Motor

    Uploaded by

    dallisrinivas14
    Principle of operation of hysteresis motor, Reluctance motor, BLDC motor and Doubly-fed Induction generator.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Universal motor

    What Is a Universal Motor?

    • A universal motor is a special type of motor that runs on both AC and


    DC power supplies. Universal motors are series-wound (the armature
    and field windings are in series). The series connection allows them to
    generate high torque; hence the universal motors are generally built
    into the device they are meant to drive.
    • Most of the universal motors are meant to operate at speeds as high as
    3500 RPM. These motors run at a higher speed on DC supply than
    they run on AC supply of the same voltage. This is due to the
    reactance voltage drop that is present only in AC and not in DC.
    • The parts of a universal motor are armature, brushes, field winding,
    frame, and field core.
    • Frame: The frame is a rolled steel or cast-iron shell that holds the field
    core laminations.
    • Field core: The field core is made up of laminations that contain field
    poles of a two-pole motor.
    • Armature: The armature has a laminated core with straiɡht or skewed
    slots and a commutator to which the leads of the armature windinɡ are
    connected. An armature coil is used to run the motor.
    • Brushes: Brushes conduct current between stationary wires and moving
    parts.
    • Field windinɡ: The field winding forms an electromagnet that produces
    field flux within which the rotor armature of the DC motor rotates.
    Universal Motor
    Working Principle
    When fed with a DC supply
    When the universal motor is fed with a DC
    supply, it works as a DC series motor. In this
    case, when the current flows in the field
    winding, it produces an electromagnetic field.
    The same current also flows in the armature
    conductors. When a current-carrying
    conductor is placed in a magnetic field, the
    conductor experiences a mechanical force.
    This mechanical force causes the rotor to
    rotate. Fleming’s Left-hand rule gives us the
    direction of this force.
    When fed with an AC supply
    • A unidirectional torque is produced when the universal motor is
    supplied with AC power. This is because the armature winding and the
    field winding are connected in series and are in the same phase.
    Therefore, whenever the polarity of the AC changes, the direction of
    the current in the armature and the field winding changes
    simultaneously.
    • The direction of the magnetic field and the direction of armature
    current reverse so that the direction of force experienced by armature
    conductors remains the same. Thus, regardless of AC or DC supply,
    universal motors work on the same principle that DC series motors
    work on.
    Properties of Universal Motors
    • Following are the distinctive properties of the universal motor:
    • They run at high speed.
    • They have high starting torque.
    • Compact size and are lightweight.
    • They are noisy because of the commutator and brushes.
    Efficiency of Universal Motor
    • The efficiency of smaller universal motors is around 30%, while the
    larger universal motors have an efficiency of 70-75%.
    Speed Load Characteristics of Universal Motor

    The speed of the universal motor is the


    lowest at full load and the highest at no
    load. Gear trains are made use of to get
    the required speed at the required load.
    The speed-load characteristics of
    universal motors for both AC and DC are
    shown in the figure above.
    Application of Universal Motor
    • Universal motors are simple, inexpensive, and high-speed-type
    motors.
    • These motors can function at a high-speed connection to a single-
    phase AC network. In addition, they are available in small sizes for
    compact domestic devices.
    • Universal motors drive drills, electric shavers, fans, wipers, sawmills,
    mixers, blenders, sewing machines, high-speed vacuum cleaners, and
    machine tools.

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