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GIAIC - 04-Arrays and Strings

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22 views22 pages

GIAIC - 04-Arrays and Strings

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hasssannann234
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Introduction to Arrays

YOUR FIRST DATA STRUCTURE IN PROGRAMMING


What is an Array

 An ordered collection of values: An array is like a


train where each car holds a value.
 Same data type: Usually, all the values in an
array should be of the same type (numbers,
strings, etc.).
 Indexed access: We can reach individual elements
using their position (index), starting from 0.
Declaring Arrays

let arrayNameWithoutType=[]
let arrayName: type[];
let numbers = []; // 'numbers' is implicitly any[]
// Array of numbers:
let numbers: number[] = [1, 2, 3, 4];
// Array of strings:
let names: string[] = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"];
// Using the Array type
let mixedArray: Array<number | string> = [1, "hello", 2];
Accessing and Modifying Array Elements using
[]
// Accessing elements by index:
let firstNumber = numbers[0]; // firstNumber will be 1

// Modifying elements by index:


names[1] = "Bobby"; // Changes "Bob" to "Bobby"

// **Caution:** Out-of-bounds access throws an error.


// numbers[10] = 100; // This would cause an error
Accessing and Modifying Elements using []

 Direct access with square brackets: We use the variable name


followed by square brackets [] containing the desired element's index.
 Modification: Similar syntax is used to change an element's value at a
specific index.
Common Array Methods

 Adding elements:
 .push(value) – Appends an element to the array's end.
 .unshift(value) – Inserts an element at the array's beginning.
 Removing elements:
 .pop() – Removes and returns the last element from the array.
 .shift() – Removes and returns the first element from the array.
 Iterating through arrays:
 for...of loop – A loop that iterates over the values in the array.
 .forEach() method – A higher-order function that executes a provided function once
for each array element.
How Push and Unshift works in TypeScript

let fruits: string[] = ['Apple', 'Orange', 'Banana'];


fruits.push('Mango'); // Adds "Mango" to the end
fruits.unshift('Strawberry'); // Adds "Strawberry" to the beginning
How Pop and Shift in works in TypeScript

let lastFruit = fruits.pop(); // Removes and returns the last element


console.log(lastFruit); // Outputs: "Mango“

let firstFruit = fruits.shift(); // Removes and returns the first element


console.log(firstFruit); // Outputs: "Strawberry"
Iterating(Reading) the Elements of an Array In
TypeScript using For Loop
 Using For Loop to read the elements of an Array

for (let i = 0; i < fruits.length; i++) {


console.log(fruits[i]);
}
Iterating(Reading) the Elements of an Array In
TypeScript using ForEach Function
 Using For Loop to read the elements of an Array

fruits.forEach((fruit) => {
console.log(fruit);
});
Iterating(Reading) the Elements of an Array In
TypeScript using For…Of loop
 Using For…Of Loop to read the elements of an Array
// Looping through the 'fruits' array using a for...of //
loop:
for (let fruit of fruits) {
console.log(fruit); // Outputs: Apple, Orange,
// Banana
(each on a new line)
Advanced Array Methods

 .find(callback):
 This method searches the array for the first element that meets a specific condition
defined in a callback function. It returns the matching element or undefined if no
match is found.
 .filter(callback):
 This method creates a new array containing only the elements that pass a test
defined in a callback function.
 .map(callback):
 This method creates a new array by applying a callback function to each element of
the original array. The callback function transforms the element and the resulting
value is included in the new array.
Advanced Array Methods(.find(callback))

 // Finding the first fruit starting with 'B':


 let firstBFruit = fruits.find(fruit => fruit.startsWith('B'));
 console.log(firstBFruit); // Outputs: Banana
Advance Array Functions(.filter(callback))

 // Filtering fruits with length greater than 5:


 let longFruits = fruits.filter(fruit => fruit.length > 5);
 console.log(longFruits);// Outputs: [] (empty array, as no fruit is
longer than 5 characters)
Advance Array Functions(.map(callback))

// Creating a new array with fruits in uppercase:


let upperCaseFruits = fruits.map(fruit => fruit.toUpperCase());
console.log(upperCaseFruits); // Outputs: ["APPLE", "ORANGE",
"BANANA"]
Introduction to Strings
STRINGS IN TYPESCRIPT – POWERFUL TEXT
MANIPULATION
What are Strings?

 Sequence of characters: Strings represent a series of characters,


including letters, numbers, symbols, and whitespace.
 Immutable in TypeScript: Once created, a string's content cannot be
directly changed (modified).
Declaring Strings with Type Annotations

// String with explicit type annotation:


let message: string = "Hello, world!";

// Implicit string declaration:


let greeting = "Welcome";
Strings Concatenations (Using + Operator)

// Combining strings using the + operator:


let firstName = "John";
let lastName = "Doe";
let fullName = firstName + " " + lastName;
console.log(fullName); // Outputs: John Doe
Strings Concatenations (Using Literals)

// Template literals allow for embedded expressions:


let age = 30;
let greeting = `Hello, my name is ${firstName} and I'm $
{age} years old.`;
console.log(greeting); // Outputs: Hello, my name is
John and I'm 30 years old.
Strings Methods

 length property: Returns the number of characters in the string.


 .toUpperCase() method: Converts the string to uppercase.
 .toLowerCase() method: Converts the string to lowercase.
 .trim() method: Removes leading and trailing whitespace characters.
 .startsWith(prefix) method: Checks if the string starts with a specific prefix.
 .endsWith(suffix) method: Checks if the string ends with a specific suffix.
 .indexOf(substring) method: Returns the index of the first occurrence of a substring
within the string, or -1 if not found.
 .lastIndexOf(substring) method: Returns the index of the last occurrence of a substring
within the string, or -1 if not found.
 .slice(start, end) method: Extracts a section of the string based on start and end indexes.
GitHub Repositories to Follow

 Panaverse TypeScript Repository by Sir Zia Khan


 https://github.com/panaverse/learn-typescript.git
 Learn GIT by Zeeshan Hanif
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiXAma2db8Y&list=PLKueo-cldy_HjRnPUL4G3pWHS7FREAizF&index=2
 TypeScripts Assignments
 https://github.com/panaverse/learn-typescript/tree/master/NODE_PROJECTS
 https://github.com/panaverse/learn-typescript/blob/master/NODE_PROJECTS/getting-started-exercises.md
 Class Repository
 https://github.com/fkhan79/giaic_fmk/

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