m p o s e a n

C o
e ff e c t i ve
p a ra g r a ph
Sophia Anne B. Piamonte
 Activity
Directions: Guess the word or phrases using the
jumbled letters.
 Activity
1. The action or process of narrating a story.
 Activity
1. The action or process of narrating a story.
2. A series of actions or steps taken in order to
achieve a particular end.
2. A series of actions or steps taken in order to
achieve a particular end.
3. The state or condition of being clearly defined
3. The state or condition of being clearly defined
4. A spoken or written representation or account of a
person, object, or event.
4. A spoken or written representation or account of a
person, object, or event.
5. A group of sentences that fleshes out a single
idea.
 m p o s e a n
C o
e ff e c t i ve
p a ra g r a ph
Sophia Anne B. Piamonte
RNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of our discussion, the students are
expected to:

a. b. c.
identify the
construct a
different patterns
paragraph about the
define paragraph; used in paragraph
most visited place in
development; and
your province
 Paragraph
A paragraph is a group of sentences organized
to discuss a topic. In fact, the main rule of
paragraph writing is to focus on one idea or
topic. To be able to write an effective
paragraph, one must have the essential part.
 t P a t t e r n s
Di ff e r e n
P a r a g r a p h
of e n t
D e v e l o p m
 Narration
In the narration pattern, the paragraph tells a story
or recounts a series of events. Arranges the events
or ideas in a chronological order which means the
events are organized from beginning to end.
Narrative paragraph can be based on personal
experience or on knowledge gained from reading
or observations.
Example
My most memorable trip is my last vacation. For me, it is a very special
moment because my family was finally complete after ten years. The plan
was to go in a white island where the sea was a clear as crystals. It is one
of the booming tourist destinations in our country. When we reached the
place, we were all fascinated with the beauty of nature. Since, it was a
rare occasion that we were all complete, we immediately took the chance
to have our first family photo. This makes my last vacation to be the most
memorable get away.
 Description
In a description pattern, the paragraph is
characterized by using more adjectives or vivid
sensory description. It creates a mental picture of the
idea or the topic by describing how it sounds, smells,
tastes, feels, and/or looks. It is often recommended
to use transitional words and phrases that indicate
location.
 Process
This pattern of development usually used to explain a
process on how to do something. It uses transitional
devices of enumeration (e.g., first, second, third) and
time (e.g., next, finally). It is the right pattern of
development when your purpose is to help your
readers understand the steps in a process or procedure,
or to give instructions
Example
Cooking spaghetti is very simple. First, cook pasta according to
the instructions on the packaging. When pasta is cooked, drain
and set aside. Second, sauté garlic and onion in butter. Third, add
ground beef and cook for 5 minutes. Next, add hotdog and cook
for 2 minutes. After that, add tomato sauce, banana ketchup, and
small amount of water to make a spaghetti sauce. Simmer for 20
minutes until cooked. Then, pour spaghetti sauce over pasta.
Finally, top with grated cheese and serve. These are the easy steps
to cook spaghetti.
 Exemplification
This pattern of paragraph development uses
series of examples to support the topic
sentence. This means that to further explain
the topic, the use of specific examples must
be provided.
Example
Potential energy refers to an energy that is at rest or without
motion. For example, you are sitting on a chair. The stored
energy while on a sitting position is referred to as potential
energy. Similarly, a boy who is sleeping on a bed is another
example of potential energy. Therefore, potential is the stored
energy possessed by an object at rest.
 Comparison/Contrast
This pattern of paragraph development is used when a paragraph
demonstrates comparison and/or contrast or examines how given
subjects are either similar or different. Comparison examines how the
subjects are the same while contrast examines how the subjects are
different. In writing this paragraph pattern, it is highly recommended
to use transitional words and phrases that indicate comparison and
contrast.
 Definition
This pattern of paragraph development aims to
give a complete working definition of a term,
concept, or idea. One of the main features of this
pattern is that it tells both what the term is and
what it is not. In other words, it defines the
boundaries of a term, so the readers can better
understand it.
Example
Email is not something you can hold in your hand and send in the mall.
Simply, it is a mail put into digital form and sent to its recipient through
the internet. Also, you don’t need a stamp to send it. E-mail has been
turned into something electronically made that can be sent in anyplace,
anytime, as long as recipient has an internet connection. For example, a
person does not need to go to the post office just to send an important
letter or message. All he or she has to do is simply open for his or her E-
mail account, type a message and send it to the recipient’s E-mail
address. In other words, E-mail is an electronic mail.
 Classification
This pattern of paragraph development presents a
topic and classifies it into component parts, types,
kinds, or categories. It distinguishes its parts by
presenting the characteristics of each. This pattern
uses transitional phrases like can be divided, is a
kind/type/part of, can be classified, falls under, can
be categorized is related to, and associated with.
Example
Some of us think that verbs are only those action words. But actually,
verbs have different classifications. They can be actions, linking, and
auxiliary verbs. On one hand, action verbs are those words that show
actions like jump, write, and talk. On the other hand, linking verbs such as
is, are, was, were, and, am, are words that connect the subject of a
sentence to its predicate. Meanwhile, auxiliary verbs, also known as
helping verbs, are those verbs used to help a main verb. For example, in
this sentence “I do love English”, do is an auxiliary verb since it is used to
help the main verb love. In condition, verbs have many forms and
functions.
 Cause-and-effect
This pattern of paragraph development explains
the reasons why something happened or explains
the effects of something. When an author gives
reasons, he or she is explaining the causes. When
a writer explains the results, he or she is
explaining the effects.
 Cause

To explain the causes, the following signal

words may be used: since, due to, because,
consequently, and for this reason.
 Effect

To explain the effects, the following signal

words may be used: so, thus, hence,
therefore, and as a result
Example
There are many reasons why students are not allowed to chew gum in the
class. First, some irresponsible students do not properly dispose their gum
after chewing They may stick it on the bottoms of desks, drop it on the
floor, or put it on their classmate's property This may result to arguments
among classmates. Another reason is it is a distraction. When students are
allowed to chew gum, their attention is more focused on chewing,
popping, or snapping in Because of this, they may no longer listen, read,
and learn properly. These are the reasons why students are not allowed to
chew gum in the class.
Application
Directions: Think of a most visited place in your province.
Compose an effective paragraph consisting of 5 sentences.
Use the rubrics below as your guide.

Rubrics
Parts of a paragraph- 5
Principles of writing a paragraph-5
Pattern used in paragraph development-5
Total: 15 points
 Evaluation
Directions: The following paragraphs talk about a single topic but apply different
patterns. Read each paragraph and identify the pattern of development used. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global crisis. In December 2019,

the virus began in the province of Wuhan, China. After few months, the virus
reached the nearby provinces of China and spread to the other parts of the
globe. On March 11, 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) declared
COVID-19 as a pandemic since it infected more than 100,000 individuals over
110 countries. Until now, this pandemic remains unsolved.
Paragraph Pattern used: _______________________
 Evaluation
2. Viruses refer to infectious microscopic organisms that multiply only in living
cells of animals, plants, or bacteria. They replicate themselves by integrating
into the cell. When this happens, the virus uses the cell's chemical machinery to
keep itself alive. Viruses are responsible for causing many diseases such as
measles, chicken pox common colds SARS, and COVID-19 In conclusion,
viruses are microorganisms that harm other living things
Paragraph pattern used: _______________________
 Evaluation
3. Some scientists claim that Corona Virus can be airborne. However, World
Health Organization (WHO) clarifies that the virus can be transmitted through
aerosolized respiratory droplets. It means that a person can primarily get the
virus through droplets coming from the infected person who coughs, sneezes or
talks. The person can get the virus if he or she is within 6 ft. perimeter, does not
have face mask, and inhaled the droplets. Also, people can be infected by
touching surfaces contaminated with the virus. Therefore, the primary mode of
transmission is through droplets.
Paragraph pattern used: _______________________
 Evaluation
4. Because of COVID-19 pandemic, there are safety protocols that must be
followed when entering some establishments. First you must wear face mask
and face shield. Next, present your quarantine pass. Then, the personnel will
check your temperature. If your body temperature is 37°C and below, you can
enter the establishment. After that, you will fill out a form asking for your
contact information. Once done, you can proceed with your transaction but you
will be asked to observe social distancing. These measures must be followed to
ensure your safety and to avoid getting the virus.
Paragraph pattern used: _______________________
 Evaluation
5. It is definitely frightful to be infected with COVID-19. Though a large
number of patients experience mild symptoms, turning it to a severe condition
is still a possibility. I could not imagine a patient to experience chest pain, loss
of speech or movement, and difficulty in breathing. What is worse is the patient
is all alone when he or she experiences all these struggles. Furthermore, anxiety
and self- pity add to the struggle of the patients. Therefore, in order to avoid
such conditions, let LAS not put guards down from COVID-19.
Paragraph pattern used: _______________________
 Assignment
Directions: Compose an effective paragraph about “Heat Index: The Silent

Threat to Human Health and Productivity,” consisting of three paragraphs.

Write the pattern of paragraph development that you used.

Rubrics:

Content- 5

Essential parts-5

Principles of writing a paragraph- 5

Appropriateness of the pattern used-5

Total: 20 points
Thank You!