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Sampling

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6 views28 pages

Sampling

Uploaded by

turturodb
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PRACTICAL

RESEARCH 1

FOURTH QUARTER
Sampling
Procedure and the
Sample
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Define sampling procedure and sample.
Identify the different sampling procedures to
be used in qualitative research.
WHAT IS POPULATION?
• Refers to the totality of objects,
elements, persons and
characteristics under a given
condition. In other words, population
refers to the entire group that you
want to conclude about.
WHAT IS SAMPLE?
• the specific group that
you will collect data from
which also refers as the
subset in a population.
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
refers to the selection of a sample from
a population, when this selection is
based on the principle of
randomization, that is, random
selection or chance.
Probability sampling is more complex,
more time-consuming and usually more
costly than non-probability sampling.
Types of Probability Random Sampling

SIMPLE RANDOM
SAMPLING
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
 In this type of sampling, every member
of the population has an equal chance
of being included as a sample.
To conduct this type of sampling, you
can use techniques that are based
entirely on chance
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
Example:
 Selecting a sample size of 100 from
1000 students in a school by assigning
numbers to each student and randomly
select 100 students.
Types of Probability Random Sampling

SYSTEMATIC
SAMPLING
SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
In this type of sampling, every member
of the population is listed with a number,
but instead of randomly generating
numbers, individuals are chosen at
regular intervals
SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
Example:
A researcher can give a research
questionnaire to every 4th student that
enters the school.
Types of Probability Random Sampling

STRATIFIED
SAMPLING
STRATIFIED SAMPLING
This involves dividing the population into
subpopulations that may differ in important
ways. It allows you to draw more precise
conclusions by ensuring that every subgroup is
properly represented in the sample.
To use this sampling method, you divide the
population into subgroups (called strata) based
on the relevant characteristic.
STRATIFIED SAMPLING
Example:
Geographical Regions can be stratified
into similar regions through known
variables like habitat type and elevation.
Types of Probability Random Sampling

CLUSTER
SAMPLING
CLUSTER SAMPLING
Involves dividing the population into
subgroups, but each subgroup should have
similar characteristics to the whole sample.
Instead of sampling individuals from each
subgroup, you randomly select entire
subgroups.
This type of sampling is best to use when the
population is dispersed..
CLUSTER SAMPLING
Example:
An NGO wants to create a sample of girls
across five neighboring towns to provide
education. Using single-stage sampling,
the NGO randomly selects towns (clusters)
to form a sample and extend help to the
girls deprived of education in those towns.
NON_PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Uses non-random criteria like the
availability, geographical proximity,
or expert knowledge of the
individuals.
Used when the population
parameters are either unknown or
not possible to individually identify.
Types of Non- Probability Sampling

- Sometimes called “ACCIDENTAL


SAMPLES”
Convenience - Primarily determined to researchers:
Factors:
Sampling 1. Ease to access
2. Geographical proximity
3. Existing contact within the population of
interest.
Types of Non- Probability Sampling

- PREDETERMINED NUMBER
QUOTA or proportion of units.
- Quota should comprise
SAMPLING subgroups with specific
characteristics and should be
selected in a non-random
manner
Types of Non- Probability Sampling

1.PROPORTIONAL
Types - used when the size of the
population is known
QUOTA 2. NON-PROPORTIONAL
SAMPLING - used when the size of the
population is unknown
Types of Non- Probability Sampling

- Also known “volunteer sampling”


- Voluntarily agree to be part of your
SELF-
research
SELECTION - Usually invited to participate
SAMPLING through advertisements asking
those who meet the requirements to
sign up.
Types of Non- Probability Sampling

- Used when the population you want


SNOWBALL to research is hard to reach.
- Start by finding one person who is
SAMPLING willing to participate in your
research then ask them to introduce
to the others,
A research about customer satisfaction in a specific restaurant uses
this kind of sampling technique by giving survey questionnaires to
any customer that enters their establishment. They take advantage
of whoever is readily available and does not consider any criteria
for choosing them as respondents in the survey. ___________
Ace is a psychology professor and wants to conduct research about
psychosis and schizophrenia. In order to get participants for his
study, he enlisted the help of his previous patients which he now
considers as his close friends to be his respondents
Shiela used crowdsourcing through facebook to look
for respondents in her study about behavioral
psychology. She posted a status asking her friends if
they know someone that is willing to participate in
her study.

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