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Grammar and Syntax PPT Assignment

The document discusses the key differences between syntax and grammar. Syntax refers to the arrangement of words and phrases to form proper sentences, while grammar encompasses a broader set of linguistic rules. The document also defines various types of phrases including noun phrases, prepositional phrases, adjective phrases, adverb phrases, infinitive phrases, gerund phrases, and appositive phrases.

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M Arslan
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11 views

Grammar and Syntax PPT Assignment

The document discusses the key differences between syntax and grammar. Syntax refers to the arrangement of words and phrases to form proper sentences, while grammar encompasses a broader set of linguistic rules. The document also defines various types of phrases including noun phrases, prepositional phrases, adjective phrases, adverb phrases, infinitive phrases, gerund phrases, and appositive phrases.

Uploaded by

M Arslan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment

Submitted to Dr.
Tahira Asghar Submitted by
Saima bibi

Muhammad Arif
Subject
General linguistic
Topic
Phrase and sentence
Semester M.
Phil English 1st
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Grammar and Syntax

 Grammar
 Grammar rules and patterns requirement the ways you use the syntactical
parts of a sentence.
 For Example. Every sentence must include a subject and a predicate. When
you use proper grammar, you are following the generally accepted rules of
your language.
Elements of Grammar include

 Morphology. The ways morphemes connect to make words.


 Phonology. The sound of words.
 Semantics. The meaning of words and relationship between words.
 Syntax. The structure of words in a sentence.
 Grammar dictates the ways you use words, especially parts of speech. For
example, nouns and verbs must agree with each other in your sentence. But
the order of words in that sentence relies on its syntax
Syntax

 Syntax is a Greek word which means ‘ arrange together’. Syntax is the order
or arrangement of words and phrases to form proper sentences. The most
basic syntax follow a subject + verb + direct object formula.
 Example, ‘Jillian hit the ball’. Syntax allows us to understand that we
wouldn’t write, ‘Hit Jillian the ball’.
Elements of Syntax

 Syntax has more to do with linguistics than language. Because syntax is a part of
grammar, all syntactical rules are also grammar rules. Here are some elements
of syntax:
 Parts of sentence: subject, predicate, object, direct object.
 Phrases. A group of words without a subject and verb.
 Clauses. A group of words with a subject and verb.
 Sentence Structure. The construction of simple, compound, complex, or
compound complex sentence.
 Grammar rules and patterns dictate the ways you use the syntactical parts of a
sentence. For example, every sentence must include a subject and a predicate.
While there are basic syntactic rules to follow, syntax makes it possible for
writers to establish tone by varying the types of sentences in their writing.
Comparison Chart

Syntax Grammar
 syntax refers to a system that  Grammar is a branch of linguistic
that concerned with morphology.
Indicates how the  It is discipline of linguistics.
words can be put together so as to
make sentences  It is law of language.
 It is part of grammar
 Arrangements of words.
Difference Between Syntax And Grammar.

Grammar Syntax
 Grammar of a language is set of  Syntax is the structure that
Rules for what works. conforms to those rules.
 Grammar tells us how to structure  Syntax makes it possible for writers
sentence to establish Tone by varying the
 types of sentences in their writing.
Grammar is nothing but branch of
linguistic that is concerned with  ) In creative language Syntax has a
syntax and morphology. very important role to play, as it
can make the write up more
interesting and engaging as well as
it also helps to emphasize a
particular point.
Phrase and sentences

 Phrase
 A group of words that:
 Stand together as a single grammatical unit
 Do not contain a subject and verb
 More broadly we can say that
 “A phrase is a group of words that stand together as a single grammatical unit, typically as a part of
clause or sentence.
 A phrase does not contain a subject and a verb and consequently cannot convey a complete thought.
 Example
 Janet eats cakes daily.
 Walking in the rain can be difficult.
 Getting a promotion is exciting.
 These sentences has no phrase all of the parts of the sentence are single words
Types

 Depending upon its function in a sentence the phrase are divided into many
types such as
 Noun phrase
 Verb phrase
 Adjective phrase
 Adverb phrase
 Appositive phrase
 Infinitive phrase
 Gerund phrase
 Prepositional phrase
Noun phrase

 A noun phrase consist of noun and all its modifiers.


 A noun phrase comprises of a noun as a head-word and other related word
may came before or after the noun. The entire phrase serve as a noun in a
sentence
 Example
 They hired a huge beautiful home. (noun object)
 A woman in the window shouted for help (noun subject)
 A sentence can also consist of more than one noun phrase.
 One of our close relative bought a beautiful red car.
Preposition phrase

 A prepositional phrase is a group of words that consist of a preposition, its


object (which will be a noun or a pronoun) any words that modify the object.
Prepositional phrase has a noun pronoun which is called the object of
preposition
 Example
 The kids were laughing at the joker
 He is sleeping on the carpet
 I lived near the beach
Adjective phrase
Adverb phrase

 An adjective phrase is a group of words headed by an adjective that modifies a noun.


 A phrase that acts like an adjective in a sentence is called adjective phrase. Like an
adjective it modifies a noun or pronoun.
 Examples
 A kid on the roof is looking at the sky
 A student from my college won the competion.
 Adverb phrase
 An adverb phrase is a group of words that acts like an adjective. It modifies a verb or other
adverb in the sentence. It contain an adverb and other words, which acts as an adverb phrase
 Example
 He drives a car in a very high speed.
 He sings in a low register.
Verb phrase
Infinitive phrase

 A verb phrase is the group of main verb and helping verbs within a sentence
 Examples
 She is writing a letter
 She is waiting for someone.
 Infinitive phrase
 An infinitive phrase contain an infinitive (to+base form of verb) and modifiers and
other related words linked to the infinitive.
 An infinitive phrase will always acts as a noun or adverb in a sentence.
 Examples
 I enjoyed to drive a car
 To get success in exam is an ambition of every student
Gerund phrase
Appositive phrase

 A gerund phase is a group of gerund (verb +ing) modifiers and other related words
linked to the gerund.
 Gerund phrase act as a noun in the sentence
 Example
 I enjoyed listing to the music
 Crying of a baby disturb me more
 Appositive phrase
 An appositive phrase is a noun or noun phrase that sits next to another noun to
rename it or to describe it in another way
 Example
 Thomas Edison the inverter of the light bulb is often called US`s greatest inventor.
Thank you

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