INNOVATIONS IN CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
Mashal Shah Jehan 18pwciv5167
Amna Khan 18pwciv5166
Ibrar Ul Haq 18pwciv5056
Presented To
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali
Department of Civil Engineering UET Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan.
OUTLINES
Introduction
Fundamentals of concrete mix design
Challenges in traditional mix design
Innovations in concrete mix design
Ultra-High Performance concrete
Steel Fiber Reinforced concrete(SFRC)
Green Concrete
Conclusion
Questions and Discussion
INTRODUCTION
Concrete's ubiquity is undeniable,
yet its true potential lies in
meticulous formulation. It serves
as the canvas upon which we
engineer strength, durability, and
functionality in our structures.
Massachusetts institute of Technology
Concrete mix design is the
blueprint for structural integrity.
It's the scientific artistry that
optimizes proportions, ensuring a
blend that aligns precisely with
project demands.
Concrete Dam
INTRODUCTION
Innovation isn't a luxury but a
necessity. Today, we explore
avant-garde methodologies that
surpass conventional boundaries,
meeting the challenges of
sustainability and performance
head-on.
This presentation unfolds the
latest in concrete mix design
innovations. Our objective is to
dissect how these advancements
challenge norms, offering
solutions that redefine the Innovation in concrete
parameters of construction.
INTRODUCTION
Concrete mix design is the process of selecting the optimal
combination of ingredients to achieve the desired properties in
concrete. It involves carefully proportioning cement, aggregates,
water, and admixtures to meet specific strength, workability, and
durability requirements.
The needed properties vary depending on the project.
FUNDAMENTALS OF CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
Concrete, at its core, amalgamates cement, aggregates, water,
and admixtures. Each component plays a critical role in
determining the material's properties.
Concrete mix design isn't a mere formality, it's a scientific
endeavor. It tailors the material to exact specifications, ensuring
the desired strength, durability, workability, and aesthetic
attributes.
Concrete Ingredients
CHALLENGES IN TRADITIONAL MIX DESIGN
Traditional mix designs grapple with inherent limitations.
Variability in strength, workability, and durability pose hurdles
that demand creative solutions.
Consistency in concrete strength is elusive through conventional
means. Innovations must target this issue head-on to ensure
reliability in structural performance.
Balancing workability with sustainability is a delicate
equilibrium. The demands for fluidity in placement often
conflict with the imperative for environmentally conscious
mixtures.
CHALLENGES IN TRADITIONAL MIX DESIGN
Concrete's durability is tested by time, weather, and chemical
exposure. Traditional methods often fall short in fortifying the
material against these elements.
These challenges underscore the pressing need for innovation.
Today's exploration extends beyond conventional constraints,
seeking solutions that transcend the limitations of traditional
mix design.
INNOVATION IN CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
Several innovations that have been employed worldwide for
concrete mix design are:
Ultra-High Performance Concrete
Green Concrete
Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete(SFRC)
High-Performance Concrete(HPC)
Fiber Reinforce Concrete(FRC)
Ultra High-Performance Concrete(UHPC)
Self Healing Concrete
Low-Carbon Concrete
Self-Consolidated Concrete
ULTRA-HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE
Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is a cementitious,
concrete material that has;
• Minimum specified compressive strength=17,000 psi
• Flexural: 2200 to 3600 psi
• Modulus of Elasticity: 6500 to 7300 ksi
Fibers are generally included in the mixture to achieve specified
requirements.
Typically formulated by combining Portland cement,
supplementary cementitious materials, reactive powders, limestone
and or quartz flour, fine sand, high-range water reducers, and water.
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ADVANTAGES
The material can be formulated to provide compressive strengths in
excess of 29,000 pounds per square inch (psi) (200 MPa).
The ductile behavior of this concrete, provide capacity to deform
and support flexural and tensile loads, even after initial cracking.
The high compressive and tensile properties of UHPC also facilitate
a high bond strength allowing shorter length of rebar embedment.
UHPC construction is simplified by eliminating the need for
reinforcing steel in some applications and the materials high flow
characteristics that make it self-compacting.
It’s low permeability prevents the ingress of harmful materials such
as chlorides which yields superior durability characteristics.
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APPLICATIONS
The Shawnessy Light Rail
Transit (LRT) Station,
constructed during fall 2003
and winter 2004, forms part of
a southern expansion to
Calgary’s LRT system and is
the world's first LRT system to
be constructed with ultra-high
Train Station Canopy
performance concrete (UHPC).
Iowa’s Wapello County boasts
the first ultra-high performance
concrete(UHPC) highway
bridge in the United States,
completed in May 2006.
Highway Bridge in United States
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APPLICATIONS
Moreover it can be used in
• Dams & Locks
• Marine structure
• Airports
• Parking Structures
• Treatment Plants
• Railway Structures
• Industrial Floors Marine structure
Dams & Locks Railway Structures 13
STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE
Steel fiber concrete, a form of
reinforced concrete, consists of cement,
water, sand, gravel, and steel fibers,
sometimes with the addition of
additives.
The composite material includes fibers
dispersed randomly at percentages
ranging from 0.3% to 2.5% by volume
in plain concrete.
SFRC products are produced by
incorporating steel fibers into the
concrete ingredients in the mixer.
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ADVANTAGES
Steel fiber reinforced concrete has replaced wire mesh concrete
because it allows optimizing construction processes, reducing
execution time and construction costs.
The addition of steel fibers to concrete enhances structural
properties, especially tensile and flexural strength, resulting in a
material with high resistance to compression, traction, and
flexion, as well as improved ductility and reduced tendency to
crack.
Enables saving materials by creating thinner and lighter
structures.
It’s possible to combine with wire mesh, to create an even more
resistant structural system.
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APPLICATIONS
Steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) finds application in various
construction scenarios due to its enhanced mechanical properties.
Common applications include:
Industrial Flooring
Pavements and Roads
Tunnels and mines
Precast Elements
Bridge Deck
Water Retaining Structures
Repair and Retrofitting's
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GREEN CONCRETE
Concrete which is made from
concrete wastes that are eco-
friendly are called as “Green
concrete”.
Green Concrete is a term given to a
concrete that has had extra steps
taken in the mix design and
placement to insure a sustainable
structure and a long life cycle with
a low maintenance surface.
e.g Energy saving, CO2 emissions,
wastewater.
Today the word green is not just
limited to color, it represents the
environment, which is surrounding
us.
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GREEN CONCRETE
Concrete wastes like slag, power plant wastes, recycled
concrete, mining and quarrying wastes, waste glass, incinerator
residue, red mud, burnt clay, sawdust, combustor ash and
foundry sand.
The goal of the Centre for Green Concrete is to reduce the
environmental impact of concrete.
There are a number of alternative environmental requirements
with which green concrete structures must comply.
CO2 emissions shall be reduced by at least 30 %.
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GREEN CONCRETE
At least 20 % of the concrete shall be residual products used as
aggregate.
Use of concrete industries own residual products.
Use of new types of residual products, previously land filled or
disposed of in other ways.
CO2-neutral, waste-derived fuels shall substitute fossil fuels in
the cement production by at least 10 %.
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ADVANTAGES
Reduction of the concrete industry's CO2-emmision by 30 %.
Increased concrete industry's use of waste products by 20%.
No environmental pollution and sustainable development.
Green concrete requires less maintenance and repairs.
Green concrete having better workability than conventional
concrete.
Good thermal resistant and fire resistant.
Compressive strength behavior of concrete with water cement
ratio is similar to conventional concrete.
Flexural strength of green concrete is almost equal to that of
conventional concrete.
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APPLICATIONS
Green Concrete Bridge Green Concrete Columns
Green Concrete Dam 22
CONCLUSION
Innovations in concrete mix designs often lead to materials with
superior strength and durability.
Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), for example, can
achieve compressive strengths significantly higher than
traditional concrete.
Advanced admixtures and formulations enhance the workability
of concrete, making it easier to place and finish.
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is an innovation that flows and
consolidates under its own weight, reducing the need for
external compaction.
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CONCLUSION
Innovations focus on incorporating recycled materials,
supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), and environmentally
friendly practices, reducing the environmental impact.
Green concrete, which uses recycled or waste materials, contributes
to sustainable construction practices.
Some innovations can lead to cost savings over the life cycle of a
structure, as they may require less maintenance and repairs due to
increased durability.
Utilizing local or recycled materials can also contribute to cost-
effectiveness.
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Thank you
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