UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF AIT - CSE

Bachelor of Engineering (CSE)
Human Computer Interaction (21CST-485)
By: Dr. Vijay Bhardwaj (E12849)

Lecture -5 DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

INTERACTION: MODELS, FRAMEWORKS
Chapter Course Objectives

• To learn the foundations of Human Computer Interaction

1.1 • To become familiar with the design technologies for individuals
and persons with disabilities.

Chapter Course Outcomes

After completion of this course, the student will be able to
• Describe and apply core theories, models and methodologies from
1.1 the field of HCI.
• Describe what the user-cantered design cycle is and explain how to
practice this approach to design interactive software systems.

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Contents

1.1 The Human - Interaction

• Models

• Frameworks

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Interaction
What is interaction?

• Communication between
USER SYTEM

Need of interaction model

• It’s used for translations between user and system

Some more important terms of interaction

Domain – The area of work under study (e.g. graphic design)

Goal – What you want to achieve (e.g. create a solid red triangle)
Task – How you go about doing it, (i.e.,) ultimately in terms of operations or actions
(e.g. select fill tool, click over triangle)
Multidisciplinary interaction

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Interaction: Models (Donald Norman’s
Model)
• Norman’s model concentrates on user’s view of the interface

• It consist of Seven stages,

• User establishes the goal
• Formulates intention
goal

• Specifies actions at interface execution evaluation

• Executes action system
• Perceives system state
• Interprets system state
• Evaluates system state with respect to goal

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 Cont…
Goal

Execution Evaluation

system
• User establishes the goal
• Formulates intention
• Specifies actions at interface
• Executes action
• Perceives system state
• Interprets system state
• Evaluates system state with respect to goal 6
 Cont…
• Norman applies the Model to explain why some interfaces cause problems to the users.

• He uses the terms ‘Gulf of execution’ and ‘Gulf of evaluation’.

Gulf of Execution user’s formulation of actions ≠ actions allowed by the system
Gulf of Evaluation user’s expectation of changed system state ≠ actual presentation of this state

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 Cont…
Human error - slips and mistakes

Slip
understand system and goal
SLIP Better Interface Design
correct formulation of action
incorrect action

Mistake
Better Understanding of
may not even have right goal! MISTAKE
System

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Interaction: Framework (Abowd and Beale)
• It’s an extension of Donald Norman’s Model.

• Abowd and Beale interaction framework has 4 parts

• User
• Input
• System
• Output

• Each parts has its own unique language

interaction  translation between languages

• It also have some issues while performing translation

problems in interaction = problems in translation

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 Complete Execution Cycle of a Task
Cont…
The system presents the The user translates the
results in the output O output language into
Output
language Ob personal understanding
ser
va
t i on ti on
nta
e se
S Pr U
Core Task

Pe n
rf i o
orm
ul at
an ti c
The interface translates ce Ar The user articulates the
I
the input language into Input task in the input
stimuli for the system language
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Summary

• Understanding the interaction models.

• Importance of Abowd and Beale framework in interaction.

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Home Work

Q1. What do mean by Gulf of execution and Gulf of evaluation?

Q2. List down the four parts of Abowd and Beale framework and explain it.

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References
Text Books:

• Alan Dix, Janet Finlay, Gregory Abowd, Russell Beale, “Human Computer Interaction”, 3rd Edition,
Pearson Education, 2004.

Reference Books:
• Samit Bhattacharya (July, 2019). Human-Computer Interaction: User-Centric Computing for Design,
McGraw-Hill India, Print Edition: ISBN-13: 978-93-5316-804-9; ISBN-10: 93-5316-804-X, E-book
Edition: ISBN-13: 978-93-5316-805-6; ISBN-10: 93-5316-805-8
Journals:

• Effective Use of Human Computer Interaction in Digital Academic Supportive Devices,

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270515450_Effective_Use_of_Human_Computer_Interactio
n_in_Digital_Academic_Supportive_Devices
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THANK YOU

For queries
Email: [email protected]
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