Extreme Function Values

EXTREME FUNCTION
VALUES
Extreme Function Values
Definition: Relative Maximum Value
The function f has a relative maximum value at the number c if
there exists an open interval containing c, on which f is defined, such
that f(c) ≥ f(x) for all x in this interval.
Definition: Relative Minimum Value

The function f has a relative minimum value at the number c if
there exists an open interval containing c, on which f is defined, such
that f(c) ≤ f(x) for all x in this interval.
Theorem
If f(x) exists for all values of x in the open
interval (a, b), and if f has a relative extremum at
c, where a < c < b, and if f’(c) exists, the f’(c) = 0.
Illustration
1. Let f be the function f(x) = x2 – 4x + 5
f’(x) = 2x – 4
f’(x) = 2x – 4 = 0
2x = 4
x=2
Since f’(2) = 0 , f may have a relative extremum at 2.
Because f(2) = 1 and 1 < f(x) when either x < 2 or x > 2 , by
definition, f has a relative minimum value at 2.
Illustration
2. Let f be the function f(x) = (x – 1)3 + 2
f’(x) = 3(x – 1)2
f’(x) = 3(x – 1)2 = 0
(x – 1)2 = 0
x–1=0
x=1
Since f’(1) = 0 , f may have a relative extremum at 1.
Note that f(1) = 2 and 2 > f(x) when x < 1 and 2 < f(x) when x > 1, does
not fit with the definition of relative extremum.
So, f does not have a relative extremum at 1.
Illustration
3. Let f be the function
f has a relative maximum value at 3 even though the derivative

fails to exist.
the derivative from the left at 3 is f’(3) =2, and the derivative
from the right at 3 is given by f’(3) = -1.
Definition:
If c is a number in the domain of the function f,
and if either f’(c)= 0 or f’(c) does not exist, then c is a
critical number of f.
Remark:
A necessary, but not sufficient, condition for a
function to have a relative extremum at c is for c to be a
critical number.
Examples
Find the critical number/s of the following
functions:
1. f(x) = x4 + 4x3 – 2x2 – 12x
2. f(x) = x4/3 + 4x1/3
3. g(x) =sin x cos x
sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x
Definition
The function f has an absolute maximum
value on an interval if there is some number c in
the interval such that f(c) ≥ f(x) for all x in the
interval. The number f(c) is then the absolute
maximum value of f on the interval.
Definition
The function f has an absolute minimum
value on an interval if there is some number c in
the interval such that f(c) ≤ f(x) for all x in the
interval. The number f(c) is then the absolute
minimum value of f on the interval.
Illustrations
1. f(x) = 2x
The Extreme-Value Theorem
If the function f is continuous on the closed
interval [a, b], then f has an absolute maximum
value and an absolute minimum value on [a, b].
Examples (determining absolute extrema of a
continuous function on [a, b])
1. f(x) = x3 – 6x – 1 at [-2, 3]
2. f(x) = (x – 2) 2/3
at [1, 5]
Application
1. A cardboard box manufacturer wishes to make open boxes from
rectangular pieces of cardboard with dimensions 10 in. by 17 in. by
cutting equal squares from the four corners and turning up the
sides. We wish to find the length of the side of the cur-out square
so that the box has the largest possible volume.
Domain of V is [0, 5]
Answer: x = 2.03, V = 156.03 in3
Application
2. In a community of 8000 people, the rate at which a rumor spreads is
jointly proportional to the number of people who have heard the
rumor and the number of people who have not heard it. When 20
people have heard the rumor, it is being spread at the rate of 200
people per hour. Determine analytically how many people have heard
the rumor when the rumor is being spread at the greatest rate.
f(x) = 1/798 (8000x – x2)
Rolle’s Theorem
Let f be a function such that
(i) it is continuous on the closed interval [a, b];
(ii) it is differentiable on the open interval (a, b);
(iii) f(a) = 0 and f(b) = 0.
Then there is a number c in the open interval (a, b)
such that f’(c) = 0.
The Mean-Value Theorem
Let f be a function such that
(i) it is continuous on the closed interval [a, b];
(ii) it is differentiable on the open interval (a, b);
Then there is a number c in the open interval (a, b)
such that
Example
Given f(x) = x3 – x2 – 2x verify that the hypothesis
of the MVT is satisfied for a = 1 and b = 3. then
find a number c in the open interval (1, 3) such
that f’(c) = [f(3) – f(1)] / (3 – 1)

Extreme Function Values

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Extreme Function Values

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Extreme Function Values

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EXTREME FUNCTION

Definition: Relative Minimum Value

f has a relative maximum value at 3 even though the derivative

You might also like