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Resource Schedulling

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16 views28 pages

Resource Schedulling

Uploaded by

achmadabimanyu.djunaidi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Resource Scheduling Part 1

Project Management
Brainsorming :
The palm jumeirah, Dubai 2006
Mega project of making
a man-made island
The questions
• how much money spent?
• How much sand spread
out?
• How many workers do we
need?
• How many ships used?

Are they used


economically?
• Abundant resources make the project fast
completion, but very costly (budget cost) and
vice versa
• Insufficient resources  over scheduleover
budget
ahead-
schedule Low budget
On time
project
Over Over
schedule budget
Reallocated ,
Some resources
adjusted, no
are assigned to
longer
multiple tasks
overallocated

the overallocated
Utilization
resource works on tasks
and
consecutively, instead of
availability
simultaneously.
Resource scheduling is a
tool for allocating the
resources of project in
economic terms machine

cost
Human
Why do we need?
• As project managers, are given the finish
date of the project before we even have a
chance to plan for it (Domingues)
• Schedules should be evaluated not merely
in terms of meeting project milestones, but
also in terms of the timing and use of
scarce resources.
• the tasks will have to be rescheduled
concurrently or even sequentially to
manage the constraints

al

ph
gic

ys
olo

ica
hn

l
tec

resource
Nicholas Gray & Larson 2005
relationship between time
use and resource in resource allocation

Resource Limited: The project must be


finished as soon as possible, but without
exceeding some specific level of resource
usage or some general resource
constraint

Time Limited: The project


must be finished by a certain
time, using as few resources
as possible. But it is time,
not resource usage, that is
critical
Resource Leveling (Smoothing)

Resource leveling aims to minimize the


period-by-period variations in resource loading
by shifting tasks within their slack
allowances.
The purpose is to create a smoother
distribution of resource usage.
with a smooth increase at the beginning of a
project and a smooth decrease at the end.
The objectives of resource leveling
 Resource leveling, referred to as resource
smoothing, has two objectives:

To determine the resource requirements so that they will


be available at the right time,

To allow each activity to be scheduled with the


smoothest possible transition across usage levels
2 types of leveling resources

By delaying a task until the assigned resource has time to work on it.

By splitting a task so that part of a task is done when planned and the
rest of it is done later when the assigned resource has time.
example

normal

delayed

splitted
Resource Levelling Heuristic
Resource management is a multivariate,
combinatorial problem, i.e. multiple
solutions with many variables, the
mathematically optimal solution may be
difficult or infeasible.
More common approach to analyzing
resource leveling problems is to apply
some resource leveling heuristics.
The steps
• List the accurate and complete WBS
• Create a project activity network diagram
• identify the most critical tasks
– By starting with the most important tasks first,
the chance for successful project
management is more likely
The steps
• Create a table showing the resources
required for each activity, durations, and
the total float available
• Plot into gant chart
• Check to see how many hours is available
per team member for work then determine
how many hours have been allocated to
each person.
The steps
If the number of hours allocated is above
what is available they are over-allocated.
Develop a time-phased resource loading
table
Identify any resource conflicts and begin
to smooth the loading table using one or
more heuristics
• Tasks should then be adjusted so that the
number of required work hours are
equivalent to the number of hours
available.
• Once this has been accomplished the
critical project resources have been
leveled. Next, do the same with the non-
critical tasks.
example
activity predecessor resource duration
A - 6 4
B A 2 1
C A 2 3
D B 7 4
E D 3 2
F E,C 6 1

Resource limit is set at 8


hourly unit per day
Draw project network
Produce the table showing
ES,LS EF,LF TF
activity res duration ES LS EF LF TF
A 6 4 0 0 4 4 0
B 2 1 4 4 5 5 0
C 2 3 4 4 11 11 4
D 7 4 5 5 9 9 0
E 3 2 9 9 11 11 0
F 6 1 11 11 12 12 0

Critical path is A-B-D-E-F


Plot into Gantt chart
• Using dependency and interdependency
diagram
Resource
imbalance
Task splitted
Resource Loading Chart
Delayed
8 task
Resources

6
Resource
4 imbalance
A D F
B
2 E
C

2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Project Days
Summary
Period Resource levelling
requirement
0-4 6 6
4-5 4 4
5-7 9 7
7-9 7 7
9-11 3 5
11-12 6 6

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