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    EC303

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    The document discusses network theorems and the conversion between voltage and current sources. It begins by defining ideal and practical voltage and current sources. It notes that practical sources have internal resistances, which cause their voltages or currents to vary with load. The document then provides examples of converting voltage sources to equivalent current sources and vice versa, including calculating open and short circuit values. It also gives examples of reducing networks containing multiple sources to a single equivalent source.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    EC303

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    114 views28 pages
    The document discusses network theorems and the conversion between voltage and current sources. It begins by defining ideal and practical voltage and current sources. It notes that practical sources have internal resistances, which cause their voltages or currents to vary with load. The document then provides examples of converting voltage sources to equivalent current sources and vice versa, including calculating open and short circuit values. It also gives examples of reducing networks containing multiple sources to a single equivalent source.

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    The document discusses network theorems and the conversion between voltage and current sources. It begins by defining ideal and practical voltage and current sources. It notes that practical sources have internal resistances, which cause their voltages or currents to vary with load. The document then provides examples of converting voltage sources to equivalent current sources and vice versa, including calculating open and short circuit values. It also gives examples of reducing networks containing multiple sources to a single equivalent source.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    114 views28 pages

    EC303

    Uploaded by

    api-3853441
    The document discusses network theorems and the conversion between voltage and current sources. It begins by defining ideal and practical voltage and current sources. It notes that practical sources have internal resistances, which cause their voltages or currents to vary with load. The document then provides examples of converting voltage sources to equivalent current sources and vice versa, including calculating open and short circuit values. It also gives examples of reducing networks containing multiple sources to a single equivalent source.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICALEDUCATION

    ANDHRA PRADESH
    Name : Sri. G.VIJAYASIMHA RAO
    Designation : Lecturer
    Branch : Electronics & communication Engg.
    Institute : DR.BRA.GMR Polytechnic,
    Karimnagar Dist.
    Sub code : EC 303
    Year/Semester : III Semester
    Subject : Circuit theory
    Topic : Network theorems
    Duration : 150 Minutes
    Sub-Topic : practical voltage source &current source

    and conversion from one to other


    Teaching Aids : PPT-Drawings
    EC303.38 to 40 1
    RECAP

    1.Mention the types of sources you know ?

    2. Define ideal voltage source ?

    EC303.38 to 40 2
    OBJECTIVE

    On completion of this period, you would be able to


    symbolic representation

    • Know the practical voltage source.

    • Know the symbol of practical current source.

    • Distinguish between ideal and practical voltage source.

    • Distinguish between ideal and practical current source.

    • Convert voltage source to current source via versa.

    EC303.38 to 40 3
    PRACTICAL(REAL) VOLTAGE SOURCE

    • The terminal voltage V does not remain constant w.r.t

    current through load .

    • Every voltage source consists of internal resistance Rs.

    • As the current increases the drop across source resistance

    Increases.

    • Hence there is a drop in terminal voltage equal to IRs.

    • V= E -IRs
    EC303.38 to 40 4
    PRACTICAL(REAL) VOLTAGE SOURCE
    (continued…)

    RS V
    A IDEAL

    RL

    Practical source
    V

    IL,ZL
    B GRAPH

    EC303.38 to 40 5
    PRACTICAL Current Source

    • The current is not constant w.r.t. terminal voltage.

    • The current is not constant against any load.

    • Due to the internal resistance Rs, the current


    varies with terminal voltage.

    EC303.38 to 40 6
    PRACTICAL Current Source (continued…)

    IS
    A
    I1 IL Ideal
    V
    RS RC Practical

    B I

    Fig V-I characteristics of


    practical current source

    EC303.38 to 40 7
    Problems:
    1(a). what is the terminal voltage across an source with
    E=5V when RL is removed ?

    1(b). What is the current drawn when RL is short circuited


    given Rs=0.01Ω?

    2(a). what is the terminal voltage of a current source with


    5A and an internal resistance Rs=2Ω, when
    RL=infinity

    2b).what is the current through the load for the same


    current source, when RL is short circuited.

    EC303.38 to 40 8
    Answers:

    1a. V=5v.

    1b. I=500A.

    2a. V=10v.

    2b. IL=5A.

    EC303.38 to 40 9
    Voltage to current source conversion

    • It is often necessary to convert a voltage source to a


    current source and vice-versa.

    • The practical voltage source can be represented by an


    ideal voltage source in series with a internal resistance
    Rv.=Rs.

    • The practical current source can be represented by an


    ideal current source in parallel with an internal resistance
    Ri= Rs.

    EC303.38 to 40 10
    • Any voltage source or current source has to drive current
    through its load resistance RL

    • The magnitude of current in either sources depends on the

    value of load resistance.

    • Figures 1&2 represent voltage source and current source


    connected to same load RL
    EC303.38 to 40 11
    A A
    RS

    RS RL
    RL

    E
    B
    B Current source
    Voltage source

    EC303.38 to 40 12
    • In figure 1the terminal voltage

    Vab = v – I RS

    • Vab =VOC

    • THE SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT ISC

    • ISC=Vab/Rs ………(1) EC303.38 to 40 13


    • IN FIGURE 2

    • IL=IS-I=IS –Vab /Rs

    • THE OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE Vab =VOC

    • VOC=ISRI……..(2)

    • The short circuit current

    • ISC=IS

    • Equation 1&2reduce to VS=IS RS

    • The above two sources are equal


    EC303.38 if they produce equal
    to 40 14

    amount of current and voltage across same load


    • By equating the open circuit voltages VOC and short circuit
    current ISC

    • We get VOC =IS Rs=E

    • ISC=IS=E/Rs

    • Hence it follows that

    • RI = RV =RS

    • THEREFORE E=IS RS

    • Where Rs is the internal resistance of both voltage and


    current source. EC303.38 to 40 15
    Conversion procedure

    • Any Practical Voltage Source With Ideal Voltage E And


    Internal Resistance Rs Can Be Replaced By A Current
    Source Is =E/Rs In Parallel With An Internal Resistance
    Ri = Rs

    • The Reverse Transformation Is Also True

    • A Practical Current Source In Parallel With Rs Can Be


    Replaced By An Voltage Source E= Is Rs In Series With
    Internal Resistance Rs

    EC303.38 to 40 16
    Example1 : Convert the following voltage source of
    Fig.. into current source.

    EC303.38 to 40 17
    Rs

    = 200v

    EC303.38 to 40 18
    Example 2: What is the equivalent current source for a
    voltage source of 6v in serious with 3Ω
    resistance?
    Solution:
    given Vs = 6v, Rs = 3Ω
    VS 6
    IS    3
    RS 3

    3Ω

    3Ω
    2A
    6V

    EC303.38 to 40 19
    The equivalent current source supplies 2A &
    has across it a resistance of 3Ωare shown
    above

    3Ω

    3Ω
    9Ω 2A
    6V

    EC303.38 to 40 20
    Check

    Let a resistor 9Ω be connected across the terminals

    I 6
     Current supplied to load    0.5 A
    T 39

    Voltage across load =6x3x0.5=4.5V


    3 9
    Reg in fig is reg   2.25
    39
     Voltage across 3Ω=2x2.25=4.5V
    4.5
    Current through 3Ω   1.5 A
    3
    Current supplied to load =2-1.5=0.5A
    EC303.38 to 40 21
    Ex 3:

    Obtain equivalent voltage source for the current source

    20Ω

    20Ω +
    10A -
    200V

    Solution :
    Give IS=10A;RS20Ω

     VS =10x20=200V

    Hence the equivalent voltage source is shown above.

    EC303.38 to 40 22
    EC303.38 to 40 23
    • problem: Reduce the network of fig. to a single
    current source and calculate the
    current through it.

    EC303.38 to 40 24
    • Solution:- In this example, the voltage source will first
    be converted to a current source
    as shown in fig.

    • I1 = 4 A

    • Current sources, I = I1 + I2 = 4 + 6 = 10 A

    • And equivalent resistance = 4 Ω

    • Current through RL = IL = 2 A

    EC303.38 to 40 25
    SUMMARY

    We discussed about :

    • Ideal voltage source has no series resistance.

    • Practical voltage source , current source.

    • Conversion from V-I,I-V sources.

    • Ideal current source has no shunt resistance where as


    practical current source has shunt resistance.

    EC303.38 to 40 26
    Questions

    1. Define Ideal ,practical voltage source ?

    2. Define ideal ,practical current source ?

    3. Write the procedure to convert voltage source to current


    source ?

    4. Convert 2A 20Ω to a voltage source ?

    EC303.38 to 40 27
    Quiz
    1. The effect of Source resistance in a Voltage source

    3. Reduced output Power


    4. Reduced Output Voltage
    5. Reduced output current
    6. All the above

    EC303.38 to 40 28

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