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Lecture No 7

The document introduces Python by describing its syntax, data types, variables, conditions, loops, operators, and strings. It then covers Python lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries as well as built-in data types.

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Muhammad Abubakar

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

9 views69 pages

Lecture No 7

Uploaded by

Muhammad Abubakar

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Lecture No 7

Introduction to
Python

May 14, 2024 1

Outline
• Introduction to Python (syntax, data types, if else, loops, operators, strings)
• Lists
• Tuples
• Sets
• Dictionaries

May 14, 2024 2

Introduction to Python
• Python is a high-level programming language known for its simplicity and readability. Its
syntax emphasizes code readability and allows programmers to express concepts in fewer
lines of code compared to other languages.
• There are no type declarations of variables, parameters, functions, or methods in source
code. This makes the code short and flexible.
• Python is an interpreted language, meaning that code is executed line by line. This makes
it easy to test code snippets
• Python is a versatile language used for a wide range of applications, including web
development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, machine learning, scientific computing,
and automation. Its extensive standard library and third-party packages make it suitable
for projects of any size and complexity.

May 14, 2024 3

Python Variables

• Variables are containers for storing data values.

• Python has no command for declaring a variable.
• A variable is created the moment you first assign a
value to it.

• Variables do not need to be declared with any

particular type, and can even change type after they
have been set.

May 14, 2024 4

Python Variables

• If we want to specify the data type of a variable,

this can be done with casting.
• String variables can be declared either by using
single or double quotes:

• We can get the data type of a variable with the

type() function.

May 14, 2024 5

Python Variables

• String variables can be declared

either by using single or double
quotes.

May 14, 2024 6

Python Variables

Variable Names:

• A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more

descriptive name (age, carname, total_volume). Rules for
Python variables:A variable name must start with a letter or
the underscore character
• A variable name cannot start with a number
• A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters
and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )
• Variable names are case-sensitive (age, Age and AGE are three
different variables)
• A variable name cannot be any of the Python keyword.

May 14, 2024 7

Python Variables

• Variable names with more than one word can be difficult to read.
• There are several techniques you can use to make them more readable:

May 14, 2024 8

Python Variables

• Python allows us to assign values to multiple variables in one line

x, y, z = "Orange", "Banana", "Cherry“

• And you can assign the same value to multiple variables in one line
x = y = z = "Orange“

May 14, 2024 9

Python Variables

• Unpack a Collection:
• If we have a collection of values in a list, tuple etc. Python allows us to
extract the values into variables. This is called unpacking.
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
x, y, z = fruits

May 14, 2024 10

Python Variables

• The Python print() function is often used to output variables.

x = "Python is awesome"
print(x)
• In the print() function, we can output multiple variables,
separated by a comma:
x = "Python“, y = "is“, z = "awesome"
print(x, y, z)
• You can also use the + operator to output multiple variables:
x = "Python “, y = "is “, z = "awesome"
print(x + y + z)

May 14, 2024 11

Python Variables

• For numbers, the + character works as a mathematical operator:

x=5
y = 10
print(x + y)
• When we try to combine a string number with + operator, Python with give an error.
x=5
y = "John"
print(x + y)
• The best way to output multiple variable in print() function is to separate them with
commas, which even support different data types.

x=5
y = "John"
May 14, 2024 print(x, y) 12
Python Variables

• Global Variables
• Variables that are created outside of a function (as in all of the examples above) are known as global variables.
• Global variables can be used by everyone, both inside of functions and outside.

May 14, 2024 13

Python Variables

• If we create a variable with the same name inside a function, this

variable will be local, and can only be used inside the function. The
global variable with the same name will remain as it was, global and
with the original value.

May 14, 2024 14

Python Variables

• The global Keyword:

• Normally, when you create a variable inside a function, that variable is local,
and can only be used inside that function.
• To create a global variable inside a function, you can use the global keyword.

May 14, 2024 15

Python Variables

• To change the value of a global variable inside a function, refer to the variable by
using the global keyword

May 14, 2024 16

Indentation
• Python relies on indentation (whitespace at the beginning of a line) to define scope in
the code. Other programming languages often use curly-brackets for this purpose.

May 14, 2024 17

Python Conditions and If statements
• Python supports the usual logical conditions from mathematics: