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Prisms Pyramids

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30 views74 pages

Prisms Pyramids

Uploaded by

bbrise1985
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prisms & Pyramids

Pyramids and prisms are specific


kinds of polyhedra.
The word polyhedra is the plural
form of polyhedron.
A polygon is a 2-dimensional
shape.
A polyhedron is a 3-dimensional
shape.
Parts of a Polyhedron
Face: The flat surface of a polyhedron is termed as its face.
Edge: The two faces meet at a line called the edge.
Vertices: The point of intersection of two edges is a vertex.
Presto! A triangular prism!
Presto! A triangular pyramid!
Presto! A square prism!
Presto! A square pyramid!
A prism is made of congruent
shapes.
A pyramid is made of similar
shapes that get smaller and
smaller.
If you know the names of
common polygons, then naming
a prism or pyramid will be easy
for you.
Look at the polygon on the
bottom of the shape.
This polygon is a rectangle.
This shape is a rectangular prism.
This shape is a rectangular
pyramid.
This is a pentagon.
This is a pentagonal prism.
This is a pentagonal pyramid.
This is an octagon.
This is an octagonal prism.
This is an octagonal pyramid.
If you know the common
polygons and if you know the
difference between a prism and a
pyramid, naming these shapes is
easy.
The only unique name that you
have to remember is the “cube.”
A cube is a specific kind of
rectangular prism.
A rectangular prism that has 6
congruent faces is called a cube.
A rectangular prism that has 6
congruent faces is called a cube.
A rectangular prism that has 6
congruent faces is called a cube.
A rectangular prism that has 6
congruent faces is called a cube.
A rectangular prism that has 6
congruent faces is called a cube.
A rectangular prism that has 6
congruent faces is called a cube.
Volume of a prism

prism is a three dimensional shape with a uniform cross-section.

cross-section

length

Volume of a prism = area of cross-section  length

note: a cuboid is a prism with a rectangular cross section


Examples
2 Calculate the volume of the prism.

Volume  area of cross-section  length


6 cm 2

 6  12

12 cm  72 cm3
Examples
4 Calculate the volume of the triangular prism.
1
Area of cross-section  43
2
 6 cm2
4 cm
Volume  area of cross-section  length
7 cm
3 cm  67

 42 cm3
Surface area of a prism

4 5
D
4 3 5
5 cm
NET 6 A B C 6
4 cm
6 cm
3 cm 4 3 5
E
4 5

Surface area of a prism = sum of areas of all the faces


4 5
D
4 3 5
5 cm
NET 6 A B C 6
4 cm
6 cm
3 cm 4 3 5
Area of rectangle A  4  6  24 E
4 5
Area of rectangle B  3  6  18
Area of rectangle C  5  6  30
1 Total surface area
Area of triangle D   3  4  6  24  18  30  6  6
2
 84 cm2
Area of triangle E  area of triangle D  6
Volume of a pyramid

1
Volume of a pyramid =  base area  perpendicular height
3
Calculate the volume of the rectangular-based pyramid.

E
1
Volume =  base area  height
3
1
6 cm

  (5  4)  6
3
 40 cm3
D C
cm
4
A 5 cm B
Surface area of a pyramid

Surface area = sum of the areas of all the faces of the


pyramid
Calculate the surface area of the rectangular-based pyramid.

E
First find the length of EX
and EY.Pythagoras on triangle
Use
EOX.EX 2  2.5 2  6 2
6 cm

EX 2  42.25
EX  6.5
D C
Use Pythagoras on triangle
O X
m

EOY.
EY2  22  6 2
4c

A Y B EY2  40
5 cm EY  6.325
E
Area of rectangle 4×5
NET OF ABCD = = 20

6.325
PYRAMID Area of triangle ½cm×2 4 ×
BCE = = 13
6.5cm2
D C Area of triangle ½ × 5 × 6.325
5 = 15.81 cm2
CDE =
cm
6. 4
cm 6.
E E
5 5
A B
Surface area = sum of areas of
6.325

= 20 + 13 + 13 + 15.81 +
faces
= 77.6 cm2
15.81

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