GLOBAL SYSTEM OF MOBILE
COMMUNICATIONS (GSM)
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
OMC
MSC/VLR
BSC
E
BIE
A A PSTN
BTS bis MSC/VLR ISDN
BSS PSPDN
C
Um F H
HLR/
AUC EIR SC/VM
MS
MSS
Allocated GSM Frequency Bands
GSM900 : EGSM900 :
up: 890~915MHz up: 880~890MHz
down: 935~960MHz down: 925~935MHz
duplex interval: 45MHz duplex interval: 45MHz
bandwidth: 25MHz ， bandwidth: 10MHz ，
frequency interval: 200KHz frequency interval: 200KHz
GSM1800 : GSM1900MHz:
up: 1710-1785MHz up:1850~1910MHz
down: 1805-1880MHz down:1930~1990MHz
duplex interval: 95MHz ， duplex interval: 80MHz ，
working bandwidth: 75MHz ， working bandwidth: 60MHz ，
frequency interval: 200KHz frequency interval: 200KHz
GSM ENTITIES
holds all the switching functions manages the
MSC necessary radio resources
VLR dynamically stores subscriber information needed to handle
incoming/outgoing calls
HLR Manages the mobile subscribers database
AUC/EIR Authentication Center(s) (AUC)
Handling Mobile Station Equipment Identity
MS Equipment used by mobile service subscribers for
access to services.
INTERFACES
BTS
BIE BIE
MS U m interface Abis OMC
interface
BSC Q3 interface
SM SM TC MSC
Ate r interfac e A interfa ce
Fig.1-3 BSS Structure
TRAU
•Voice conversion
16kbit/s RPE-LTP 64kbit/s A-law PCM codes.
Typically TC is located between MSC and BSC.
Base Station Controller
BSC Managing Wireless network-BSS
Monitoring BTS
Controls:
Wireless link distribution between MS and BTS
Communication connection and disconnection
MS location, handover and paging
Voice encoding, transecoding (TC), rate, adaptation,
The operation and maintenance functions of BSS.
Base Transceiver Station
GSM Network Entity
BTS Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Wireless transmission
Wireless diversity
Wireless channel encryption
Conversion between wired and wireless signals
Frequency Hopping
BaseBand Unit:
voice and data speed adapting and channel coding
RF Unit:
modulating/demodulating, transmitter and receiver
Common Control Unit:
BTS operation and maintenance
CHANNEL SPECIFICATIONS
14.4Kbit/s FR TCH (TCH/F14.4)
9.6Kbit/s FR TCH(TCH/F9.6)
4.8Kbit/s FR TCH (TCH/F4.8)
Data CH
4.8Kbit/s HR TCH (TCH/H4.8)
TCH
FR Voice Traffic Channel (TCH/FS)
Voice CH Enhanced FR Traffic Channel (TCH/EFR)
HR Traffic Channel (TCH/HS)
channel FCCH (down)
SCH (down)
BCH BCCH (down)
RACH (up)
CCH
CCCH AGCH (down)
PCH (down)
SDCCH
DCCH FACCH
SACCH
Channel Combinations
Small capacity cell with only 1 TRX
TN0:
FCCH+SCH+CCCH+BCCH+SDCCH/4(0,_,3)+SACCH/C4(0,_,3);
TN1-7: TCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/TF
The medium-size cell with 4 TRXs
1TN0 group: FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH;
2 SDCCH/8(0,_,7)+SACCH/C8(0,_,7);
29 TCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/TF
Cell Mode Layout
Omni-directional cell
O
Adopt omni-directional antenna ，
the overall directional propagation
characteristic is the same.
Directional cell
In general, cell with multi-sector is in
common use. Every directional cell
adopts directional antenna.
Traffic Measurements
Erlang :
the traffic intensity of a totally occupied channel (i.e.
the call hour of a unit hour or the call minute of a unit
minute). For example, the traffic of a channel occupied
for 30 minutes in an hour is 0.5 Erlang)
GOS:
defined as the probability of call blocking or the
probability when the call delay time is longer than a
given queuing time.
Frequency Hopping
Reason:
counteract Rayleigh Fading
scatter interference among multiple calls
Types:
Base band frequency hopping
keeps the transmission and receiving frequency of each carrier unit
unchanged, but merely sends FU transmission data to different carrier
units at different FN moments.
radio frequency hopping
controls the frequency synthesizer of each transceiver, making it hop
according to different schemes in different time slots.
Diversity ion Technology
The multi-path propagation of radio signals causes
magnitude fading and delay time.
Space Diversity (antenna diversity)
Polarization Diversity
orthogonal polarization diversity.
horizontal polarization and vertical polarization.
Frequency Diversity
The working principle of this technology is that such
fading won’t take place on the frequency outside the
coherence bandwidth of the channel.
Frequency Reuse Pattern
D3 A1 C2 C3 B1 D2
C1 A2 A3 D1 B2 B3 C1
C3 B1 D2 D3 A1 C2 C3
A1 B2 B3 C1 A2 A3 D1
D2 A1 C2 C3 B1 D2
A1 D3
“4 × 3” reuse mode:
one group includes 3 sectors /site ,12 frequency which are
distributed to 4 sites. Every site owns 3 frequency.
Frequency Reuse Pattern
B3 A1 B2 B3 A1 B2
C1 A2 A3 C1 A2 A3 C1
C3 B1 C2 C3 B1 C2 C3
A1 B2 B3 A1 B2 B3 A1
A3 C1 A2 A3 C1 A2
A1 A3
“3 × 3” reuse mode:
one group includes 3 sectors /site ,9 frequency which are
distributed to 3 sites. Every site owns 3 frequency.
GSM EQ UI PME NT
ZXG10 BSS
Structure of ZXG10-BSC
GSN MSC OMC
TCP/IP
Gb A X.25
DDN
BSC
SCM SCM: System control Module
RMM: Radio Resource Management Module
Each Module of BSC can manage 128
RMM RMM .. . .. . RMM Cells/256 TRXs, and each BSC consists of 4
#1 #2 #4
modules maximally, so one BSC can manage
1024 TRXs maximally.
.. .
Abis
BTS 1 .. . BTS n BTS 1 .. . BTS n
Capacity Configuration of ZXG10-BSC
Ntrx < 240 1 rack ， 1 SCM+ 1 RMM
240 < Ntrx < 480 2 racks ， 1 SCM + 2 RMM
480 < Ntrx < 720 3 racks ， 1 SCM + 3 RMM
720 < Ntrx < 960 3 racks ， 1 SCM + 4 RMM
Advantage:
1 ） Support small capacity network
2 ） Large capacity network can be constructed in phases
Rack Structure
BCTL
BBIU
BNET
BCTL-RMU
BATC
BCTL-SCU
BBIU
BNET
BSMU
BATC
PCU
BATC
BCTL Layer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
P S C C C C C C C C C C C C P P
M
O M M M O O O O O O O O O O O O E O
O
W E P P M M M M M M M M M M M M P W
N
B M M M M M M M M M M M M M D B
SMEM MP COMM PEPD MON POWB BCTL
Qty. 1 2 6~12 1 1 2 1
Remark Mandatory M Optional O O M M
N_COMM_MPMP=2 BBIU
BCTL-RMU
N_COMM_MTP=2 BCTL-SCU
N_COMM_MPPP=2 or 4 or 6 or 8 BNET
BATC
So: N_COMM=6 or 8 or 10 or 12
BATC
BNET Layer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
P S S B B D D D D D D D D D D P
C
O Y Y O O S S S S S S S S S S O
K
W C C S S N N N N N N N N N N W
I
B K K N N I I I I I I I I I I B
BOSN SYCK DSNI CKI POWB BNET
Qty. 2 2 6\8\10 1 2 1
Remark Mandatory M Optional O M M
N_DSNI_MP=2 BBIU
N_DSNI_PP_A=2 or 4 BCTL-RMU
BCTL-SCU
N_DSNI_PP_Abis=2 or 4
BNET
SO: N_DSNI=6 or 8 or 10
BATC
BATC
BBIU Layer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
P B B C C B B P
T T T T T T T T T T T T
O I I O O I I O
I I I I I I I I I I I I
W P P M M P P W
C C C C C C C C C C C C
B P P I I P P B
COMI BIPP TIC POWB BBIU
Qty. 2 2 or 4 1~12 2 1
Remark Mandatory Optional Optional M M
BBIU
BCTL-RMU
N_TIC_Abis=N_Abis_E1/4 BCTL-SCU
N_BIPP=N_TIC_Abis/6 BNET
BATC
BATC
BATC Layer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
P T T A A P
D D D D D D D D T T T T T T T T
O C C I I O
R R R R R R R R I I I I I I I I
W P P P P W
T T T T T T T T C C C C C C C C
B P P P P B
TCPP DRT AIPP TIC POWB BATC
Qty. 2 1~8 2 1~8 2 1
Remark Mandatory Optional M O M M
BBIU
BCTL-RMU
N_TIC_A=N_A_E1/4
BCTL-SCU
N_DRT_A=N_TIC_A BNET
BATC
BATC
Easy to Expand
1 RACK 2 RACKS 3 RACKS
256TRX 512TRX 1024TRX
ZTE BTS Series
BTSV(1)
BTSV(2)
BS21
MB
EMB
SBTS
BS30
ZXG10-BTS Rack
S222 S444 S888
S444 S888 S12/12/12
Indoor BTS with 12 TRX(ZXG10-
BTSV2)
• Receiver sensitivity: -110dBm
• Power output: 40/80W
• BTS power control
6 levels static （ step: 2dB ）
15 levels dynamic （ step: 2dB ）
• Rack demension: 1600×600×550 mm3 (H x W x D)
• Max power consumption: 2200W （ 12 TRXs ）
• DC voltage input: -40~-57VDC ； 19~29VDC
• Working temperature: -5oC ~ +45oC
• Relative humidity: 15% ~ 85%
Physical structure of ZXG10-
BTS(V2)
PDM ZTE 中兴
PDM CCM
ZX G10 -B2
CMM
RST
600mm
-48V GND
CCM
RST
TRM TRM TRM TRM
CDU CDU
TX 1 TX1
TX TX TX TX
T X2 TX2
TE ST TES T
A NT ANT
RX1 RX1
RX2 RX2
1600mm
RX3 RX3
RX4 RX4
RX RX RX RX
EX1 EX1
EX2 RST RST RST EX2
RST RXD RXD RXD RXD
TRM TX 1
TX 2
CEU TRM
TX
TRM
TX
TRM
TX
TRM
TX
TX1
TX2
CEU
AEM
OTX1 O TX1
TX 3 TX3
TX 4 TX4
OTX2 RX1
O TX2 RX1
RX2 RX2
RX3 RX3
RX4 RX4
RX RX RX RX
EX1 EX1
EX2 RST RST RST RST EX2
RXD RXD RXD RXD
TRM TRM TRM TRM
CDU CDU
550
T X1 TX 1
TX TX TX TX
TX2 TX 2
mm T EST
ANT
TE ST
AN T FCM
RX1 RX1
RX2 RX2
RX3 RX3
RX4 RX4
RX RX RX RX
EX1 EX1
EX2 RST RST RST RST EX2
RXD RXD RXD RXD
Architecture of ZXG10-BTS(V2)
ZXG10-BTS （ V2 ）
MMI
TRM1
BSC CMM
TRM2 A
E
PDM M
TRM12
FAN
Internal bus(control signaling,date flow,clock signal,etc
TRX Configuration
S444
CDU CDU
TX1 TX2 RX1 RX2 RX3 RX4 ERX1 ERX2 TX1 TX2 RX1 RX2 RX3 RX4 ERX1 ERX2
TX RX1 RX2 TX RX1 RX2 TX RX1 RX2 TX RX1 RX2
TRM1 TRM2 TRM3 TRM4
CMM and TRM
CMM TRM
(Controller & (Transceiver
Maintenance Module )
Module)
CDU
LNA_Splitter EX1
EX2
Duplexer
Cable Rx_in RX1
ANT RX2
RX3
Cable
RX4
Alarms
RTE
forward reverse
optional
Tx_out TX1
VSWR_meter
50ohm TX2
Alarms Hybird_combiner
CDU(Combiner Distribution Unit ):
one duplexer
one combiner(2 to 1)
one spliter(1 to 4 with 2 extended outputs )
Multiplex ratio on Abis interface is 15:1
Each E1(2M) on Abis interface can support 15 TRX, So it can
effectively save the transmission cost.
7.2*16k TCH timeslot / TRX = 1.8*64k TCH timeslot / TRX
1*16k signaling timeslot / TRX
Since very 4 16k timeslot can be multiplexed to a 64k timeslot,
each E1 consists of 32 64k timeslot
∴ ( n + 1 ) / 4 + n * 1.8 + 1 = 32 ➭ n = 15
OMC-R
The adoption of OMC aims at the local or centralized operation
and management. So network mode of OMC-R includes two: local
networking and centralized networking. They will be introduced in
detail later.
OMC enables NSS/BSS to connect with upper-level mobile
network management center through Q3 interface or DB interface.
BTS is managed and maintained by BSC. The local BSC
communicates with the server over LAN, and the remote BSC
accesses the OMC-R server through centralized networking. The
network topology of OMC-R is given in this Fig.
One OMC-R can manage 10 MSC, 16 BSC, 4096 BTS
OMC-R Structure
LAN/WAN..
.
Q3 DB Upper-level NMC
Server
Hub
Billing Center
OMC
Router
TCP/IP
ZXG10-BSC Client
PCM/X.25/DDN...
TCP/IP
Client Router
Hub
ZXG10-BSC
Hub
Client ZXG10-MSS Client
TCP/IP
Local Maintenance Terminal
LAN
PCM
LAN/RS-232
OMC-R Sever Client terminal
LMT (I)
Router/FE
MSC BSC 1
LMT (II)
Tha nk
You
